BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II

Lecture - 2

Temporary Works - UNDERPINNING

 INTRODUCTION BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II

 Process of excavation under

an existing foundation and
building up a new
supportive structure from a
lower level, to the underside
of the existing foundation.
 Whole operation carried out
without undue obstruction
to the passage of
people/vehicular traffic.
 OBJECTIVE OF UNDERPINNING BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II

 Transfer the load carried by an existing foundation from

its present bearing level to a new level at lower depth

 Used to replace an existing weak foundation

 NEED OF UNDERPINNING BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II

• When excessive settlement has occurred due to

 Uneven Loading
 Unequal resistance of the subsoil
 Action of tree roots
 Action of subsoil water

• To increase the load bearing capacity of the foundation -

for an extra storey to be added to the existing foundation.

• To permit the level of adjacent ground to be lowered as in

the case of construction of a new basement at a lower
level than the existing foundation or when laying deep
services near or below the existing foundation.
UNDERPINNING BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II

OPERATIONS TO BE CARRIED OUT BEFORE

UNDERPINNING

1. Detail Site Survey

2. Service notice

3. Damage indicators

4. Temporary remedial measures

5. Investigation of subsoil
 SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II

STAGE 1:
Suitable holes are driven through the walls for
inserting the needle beams, one end of which is resting
on the wooding block resting on a small concrete block
and the longer end is left largely unsupported for a small
temporary support near the wall on the side.
 SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
Stage 2:
Excavation is carried out under the unsupported end of
needle beams to the desired depth and the sides are held in
place by adequate timbering. The unsupported needle
beam is supported by a wooden post which rests on a
concrete block. The temporary support provided to support
the longer end is removed.
 SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II

STAGE 3:
Excavation trench is widened so that the trench
goes under the foundation to be underpinned. The
offsets of the existing foundation are cut off.
 SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II

Stage 4:
The new foundation is laid and a new wall is built up
to the underside of the old foundation.
 PRETEST METHOD BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
• Method designed to prevent further settlement of
foundations after underpinning has been carried
out by consolidating the soil under the new foundation
before the load from the underpinning is applied.
• The perimeter of the wall to be underpinned is
excavated in stages.
 PRETEST METHOD BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II

• New foundation strip is laid.

• A hydraulic jack supporting
a short beam is placed in the
center of the bay under the
existing foundation.
• Before setting predetermined
load is given on soil by
extending the hydraulic jack.
• Underpinning is carried out
using brickwork or concrete
walling between the jacks.
 PRETEST METHOD BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II

• To give the new concrete

foundation continuity, dowel
bars 25 mm dia are inserted at
the end of each bay to be
connected to the next bay.

• Brick underpining is toothed

to enable continuous bonding.

• Jacks are later removed and

replaced with underpinning
to complete the operation.
Typical Brick Underpinning
 TYPES OF UNDERPINNING
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
1. PIT METHOD

2. PILE METHOD
i. JACK OR MIGA PILE UNDERPINNING
ii. NEEDLE AND PILE UNDERPINNING

3. CONTINUOUS UNDERPINNING OR PNYFORD STOOLING

METHOD
 25th Mangsir, 2070
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
CONDITION OF USE

• Depth of suitable bearing capacity

subsoil is too deep to make
traditional wall underpinning
practical or economic. Replaced by
Concrete Cap
• Where a system giving no
vibration is required

COMPONENTS
1. Concrete Pile
2. Concrete Cap
 JACK or MIGA PILE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
METHOD OF USE
• Short precast concrete pile lengths jacked into the ground
until a suitable subsoil is reached.

• When the jack pile has reached the required depth, the
space between the top of the pile and underside of the
existing foundation is filled with a pinned concrete cap.

• Existing foundation should be in good condition since it

acts as a beam spanning over the piles.

• Condition and spanning ability of existing foundation strip

determine the spacing of piles.
 NEEDLE & PILE UNDERPINNING BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
CONDITION OF USE
• If the wall to be underpinned has a weak foundation, and
considered unsuitable for spanning over the heads of jack
piles, then, this method is used.
 NEEDLE & PILE UNDERPINNING BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
METHOD OF USE
• This method uses pair of bored piles in conjunction with
cast in situ RCC beam or needle placed above the
existing foundation.
• Works on the same principle of
dead shoring.
 CONTINUOUS (Pynford Stooling) BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
CONDITION OF USE
• If wall has to be underpinned in
continuous run.

• This method replaces the

existing foundation with RCC
ring beam from which other
forms of deep underpinning can
be carried out, if required.

• No need of needles or raking

shores.
 CONTINUOUS (Pynford Stooling) BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
METHOD OF USE
• First cut away portions of brickwork, above the existing foundation.
• Enable precast concrete or steel stools to be inserted and pinned.
• Brickwork of existing foundation can be removed.
• Leaving the structure entirely supported on the tools, Reinforced ring
beams are casted in situ between stools .
 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II

UNDERPINNING FOR COLUMNS

 UNDERPINNING of COLUMNS BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
CONDITION OF USE
• Methods described above can be used
for stone or brick columns using stool
insertions and casting a base.

COMPONENTS
• Precast/ Pre-stressed
Needle Beams
• Pile
• Hydraulic Jack
UNDERPINNING OF RCC COLUMN
 UNDERPINNING of COLUMNS BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
METHOD OF USE

 Collar of steel or precast concrete members fixed around

the perimeter of column.
• Steel collars are welded to structural members.
• Concrete columns are chased to a depth of 25-50mm to receive
support collar.
• Column loading is transferred from collar to cross beams or
needles from where it is transferred to ground at a safe distance
form proposed existing foundation.
 Cantilever technique is obtained through anchorage.
UNDERPINNING of COLUMNS BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II

Alternative Method
• Stressed Steel
• Pre-stressed Concrete

UNDERPINNING OF STEELCOLUMN
 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II

Thank You