Electromagnetics 1

Vector Algebra
Electromagnetics Chapter 1

김도연
CONTENTS Scalar

Vector

Tensor
Electromagnetics

Unit vector

Vector addition

Vector multplication
Scalar

A scalar is a quantity that has only magnitude

Quantities such as time, mass, distance, temperature, entropy, electrical potential,

and population are scalars
Vector

A vector is a quantity that has both magnitude and direction

Vector quantities include velocity, force, displacement, and electric field intensity
 Tensor

Tensor rank 0
Unit vector

Unit vector are vectors whose magnitude is exactly 1 unit

𝑧 𝑧
𝐴 𝐴
𝑎𝐴 𝑎 𝐴=
| 𝐴|
𝑦 𝑦
𝑥 𝑥
Vector addition

𝐵
𝐴 𝐶 𝐴 𝐶

𝐵
parallelogram triangle
Vector multiplication

Dot product

(1) Commutative law

𝐴 | 𝐴|𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝐴 |𝐵|𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
𝜃 𝜃 (2) Distributive law
𝐵 𝐵
𝐴∙ 𝐵=| 𝐴||𝐵|𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝐵∙ 𝐴=|𝐵|| 𝐴|𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
¿(| 𝐴|𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃)| 𝐵| ¿| 𝐴|(| 𝐵|𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃)
Vector multiplication

Cross product

(1) Anticommutative law

𝐴
𝐶 𝐵 𝜃
𝜃
𝐵 (2) Distributive law
𝐶
𝐴
^
𝐴× 𝐵=| 𝐴|| 𝐵|𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝐶 ^
𝐵× 𝐴=| 𝐴|| 𝐵|𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝐶
Summary

𝐴
𝑎 𝐴=
| 𝐴|

𝐴 ∙ 𝐵=| 𝐴||𝐵|𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃

𝐴 × 𝐵=| 𝐴|| 𝐵|𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃

 THANK YOU
FOR LISTENING

Electromagnetics