VECTORS

Prepared by: Ms. Lady Sheena O. Detablan

 SCALAR vs VECTOR
- when a physical
quantity is described only by a
single number and its unit.
- a q u a n t i t y h av i n g
direction as well as magnitude,
especially as determining the
position of one point in space
relative to another.

Time Force
Speed Velocity
Mass Displacement
Density Acceleration
Volume Momentum
Repesentation of a Vector

Vector ��
Repesentation of a Vector
Some vector quantities are represented by their respective
symbol with an arrow above it.
TYPES OF VECTORS (based on orientation)
 Parallel Vectors
Two vectors are said to be parallel vectors, if they have the same direction.
 Equal Vectors
Two parallel vectors are said to be equal vectors, if they have the same magnitude.
 Anti - parallel Vectors
Two vectors are said to be anti-parallel vectors, if they are in opposite directions.
 Negative Vectors
Two anti-parallel vectors are said to be negative vectors, if they have the same magnitude.
 Collinear Vectors
Two vectors are said to be collinear vectors, if they act along the same line.
 Co-terminus Vectors
Two or more vectors are said to be co-terminus vectors, if they have common terminal point.
 Coinitial Vectors
Two or more vectors having the same initial point.
 TYPES OF VECTORS (on the basis of effects)
POLAR VECTORS
- vector quantity whose direction is along the direction of motion of a particle.

DISPLACEMENT VECTOR
FORCE VECTOR

VELOCITY VECTOR
 TYPES OF VECTORS (on the basis of effects)
AXIAL VECTORS
-a vector quantity whose direction along the axis of rotation of the body, or a particle.

ANGULAR MOMENTUM

TORQUE
 VECTOR
ADDITION
GEOMETRICAL METHOD
 TRIANGLE LAW OF VECTOR ADDITION
Two sides of the triangle represent two vectors taken in the same order.
Third side of the triangle taken in opposite order represents the vector sum of the two vectors.
PARALLELOGRAM LAW OF VECTOR ADDITION
Two adjacent sides represent two vectors � ��� �
Diagonal through common point represents the vector � + �
 POLYGON LAW OF VECTOR ADDITION
If a number of vectors are respresented as the sides of a polygon both in magnitude and
direction taken in order, the resultant is represented by the closing side of the polygon taken in
the reverse order both in magnitude and direction.
 PROPERTIES OF VECTOR ADDITION

COMMUTATIVE ASSOCIATIVE
 VECTOR
ADDITION
ANALYTICAL METHOD
 CASE I - VECTORS ARE PARALLEL

100N 50N 150N

CASE II - VECTORS ARE ANTI-PARALLEL

200N -120N 80N

CASE II - VECTORS ARE PERPENDICULAR

30N 40N
CASE II - VECTORS ARE PERPENDICULAR

30N 40N

�= �� + � �

�= ��� + ���

� = ���
CASE II - VECTORS ARE PERPENDICULAR

30N 40N

−�
�
�= �� + � � � = ��� ( )
�
−�
��
�= ��� + ��� � = ��� ( )
��

� = ��� � = ��. �°

� = ���, ��. �°
REWRITING A VECTOR IN COMPONENT FORM

The component method of

addi t i o n re q u i re s t h at a
vector must first be written
into its components.

The component of a vector

depends on the coordinate
system that is being used.
 REWRITING A VECTOR IN COMPONENT FORM
FORMULA
(1) �� = �����
(1) �� = �����

where
A is the magnitude of �
ϴ is the angle from the =x-axis
REWRITING A VECTOR IN COMPONENT FORM
Given: � = ��� 45 ̊NE
Solve: �� ��� ��

(1) �� = ���� (��°)

= 2 � km
= 2.83km

(1) �� = ���� (��°)

= 2 � km
= 2.83km
REWRITING A VECTOR IN COMPONENT FORM
Given: � = ��� 20 ̊W of N
Solve: �� ��� ��

(1) �� = ���� (���°)

= -0.68km

(1) �� = ���� (���°)

= 1.88km
 ADDING VECTORS IN COMPONENT FORM
� + � Since:
�� = 2.83km �� = 2.83km
�� = − �. ���� �� = �. ��km

�� = 2.83�� + (−�. 68��)

= 2.15km

�� = 2.83�� + 1.88��
= 4.71km

�� = 2.152 + 4.712
= 5.18 km
 a vector that has a magnitude of 1, with no units. Its only
UNIT VECTOR purpose is to point-that is, to describe a direction in space.

� = (�� )� + (�� )�
x � (5,4)
y � � � = 5� + 4�
z �

� � �� � = 5� + 4�
� = �
� � = � �
� = 52 + 42 � � = �+ �
unit vector formula
5� + 4� �� ��
� = 41 � =
��