Meaning

Relationships

Presented by
• Khine Moe Zin
• May Soe Seint Phyu

25th November
2022 1
A.Hyponymy
• If the set that is the reference of X is always included in
the set that is the reference of Y, a word X is a hyponym of
a word Y

• Words that are a subset of another.

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 Hyponym
Flower

Rose Daisy

Sakura • Specific thing of general word

Hypernym
• General words with a board meaning.

Fruits

Mango Apple
Country
Orange
Korea Brazil

Canada 3
 B. Synonymy

• Two words are synonymous if they

have exactly the same reference.
• E.g. Today's weather is awful.
Bad
• Today's weather is terrible.
1. The same set
2. Different senses

• E.g. If there's just one kind of folks,

why can't they get along with each
other? If they're all alike, why do they
go out of their way to despise each
other?  4
 C. Antonymy
• Contrast with synonymy.
•  refers to words that have opposite meanings which are related to each
other.
• Four types of antonyms
1. Complementary antonyms
2. Gradable antonyms
3. Reverses
4. Converses

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1.Complementary antonyms
•  relationship between the opposite word pairs.
•  can exist independently of the other.
• is usually its absolute opposite.
•  two options, either true or false.
E.G  dead/alive, exterior/interior, and yes/no.

2. Gradable antonyms

•  words that are at the opposite ends of a range with some

gradation between the two extremes
E.g. Hot-cold warm(gradation)
empty - full half empty or half full(gradations)
young – old teenager(gradation)

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3.Reverses
• Words that suggest some kind of opposite
movements of the other words
E.g. Descending-Ascending
buy-sell
push-pull
forward-backward

4. Converses
• show a dependent relationship between opposite words.
• can't exist without the other.
E.G . open/close. 
( A shop owner must first open the shop before they can close it.)

. husband/wife
. doctor/patient
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THANK YOU!