STEAM AND ITS APPLICATIONS

By
Dinesh kumar S
20BME048
2nd MECH-B
 Steam
 Steam is an phase of water which is completely
vapourised at a point known as saturation point.
 Steam is an hot and white layered gas.
 It is visible to environment due to water molecules over it.
 It is more useful and safer gas with less toxic nature.
 Types of Steam
 Steam are classified based on their saturation nature with
respect to their pressure on it,

1. Wet Steam,
2. Dry Saturated Steam and
3. Super Saturated Steam
Generation of Steam:

Steam is mostly generated by Steam Boilers because

The construction cost of these boilers is low.
The boiler uses any kind of chimney
It occupies less floor area and portable
Steam Boilers
 A steam boiler is a power generation device which is used for
generating steam by applying the heat energy to water.
 Steam boiler generates the highest amount of steam with low fuel
utilization.
 Generally, power stations or stationary steam engines have a
separate large steam generating capacity.
 The main function of a steam boiler is to producing, storing and
troubling the vapor.
 In boiler ,the heat energy produced while burning of fuel with
water, and then it converts into steam at the required pressure as
well as temperature.
Types of Steam Boilers

Based on requirements of steam , the boilers are classified into,

1. Water Tube Boiler,
2. Fire Tube Boiler,
3. Package Boiler and
4. Stroke Fired Boiler
Applications of Steam Boilers

 They are used to generate power in steam turbines or engines.

 These are used for various processes in process industries
 These are used in houses or buildings in cool weather for
generating a hot water supply
 Mobile steam engines which includes handy engines, steam
locomotives, and road vehicles
Applications of steam

 The major applications of Steam are

1. Steam Engines and
2. Steam Turbines
Steam Engines
 A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work
using steam as its working fluid.
 The steam engine uses the force produced by steam pressure
inside a cylinder. This pushing force can be transformed by a
connecting rod and crank into rotational force for work.
 The steam engine is also called as reciprocating engines .
 Steam engines are external combustion engines where the working
fluid is separated from the combustion products.
 The ideal thermodynamic cycle used to analyze this process is
called the Rankine cycle.
Types of Steam Engines

 According to the number of working strokes, Single-acting

steam engine and Double-acting steam engine
 According to the position of the cylinder, Horizontal steam
engine and Vertical steam engine
 According to the speed of the crankshaft, Slow-speed
steam engine, Medium-speed steam engine and High-
speed steam engine
 According to the type of exhaust, Condensing steam
engine and Non-condensing steam engine
 According to the expansion of steam in an engine
cylinder, Simple steam engine and Compound steam
engine
Applications of Steam Engine
 The common application of engines are:
 Industrial process.
 Marine transport.
 Railway transport.
 Water pumping engine.
 Generation of electricity.
Steam Turbines
 A steam turbine is a machine that extracts thermal energy from
pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work using a
renewable energy heat source.
 The steam turbine is a form of heat engine that derives its
improvement in thermodynamic efficiency in multiple stages in
the expansion of the steam.
 It works on ideal reversible expansion process.
 A steam turbine connected to an electric generator is called a
turbo generator.
Types of Steam Turbines
 According to the action of steam , Impulse Turbine and
Reaction Turbine.
 According to the number of pressure stages , Single-stage
Turbine and Multistage Turbine.
 According to the type of steam flow, Axial flow turbine and
Radial flow turbine.
 According to the number of shafts , Single-Shaft and Multi-
shaft.
Applications of turbines
 Mixed pressure turbines
 Implemented in engineering domains
 Power generation tools
Thank you