Chapter No.

States
What are nation states?
• A nation is a population with a certain sense of itself, a cohesiveness,
a shared history and culture and often (but not always) a common
language.

• A state is a government structure, usually sovereign and powerful

enough to enforce its writ (Notice that here we use state in its original
sense).
Institutionalized Power:
• Political Institutions:
Established and durable pattern of authority.
• Institutionalize:
To make a political relationship permanent.
• Monarchy:
Heredity (Genetics) rule by one person.
monarchy, political system based upon the undivided sovereignty or rule of
a single person. The term applies to states in which supreme authority is
vested in the monarch, an individual ruler who functions as the head of state
and who achieves his or her position through heredity.
Examples of Monarchy:
An example of a monarchy is that which presently rules over Britain and is
headed up by the Queen Elizabeth II. A monarch's power can vary, and the
monarch can fit one of three categories: a crowned republic, a
constitutional monarchy, or an absolute monarchy.

A crowned Republic: A crowned republic, also known as a monarchial

republic, is an informal term that has been used to refer to a system of
monarchy where the monarch's role.
A Constitutional Monarchy: system of government in which a monarch
(see monarchy) shares power with a constitutionally organized
government. The monarch may be the de facto head of state or a purely
ceremonial leader. The constitution allocates the rest of the government's
power to the legislature and judiciary.
• Absolute Monarchy: An absolute monarchy is a form of government
in which a single person—usually a king or queen—holds absolute,
autocratic power. In absolute monarchies, the succession of power is
typically hereditary, with the throne passing among members of a
ruling family.
Republic:
• A state in which supreme power is held by the people and their
elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated
president rather than a monarch.
Effective, Weak and Failed States
Distinguish between effective, weak and failed states.
• Effective: States control and tax their entire territory. Laws are mostly
obeyed. Govt. looks after the general welfare and security, corruption
is fairly minor. Effective states tend to be better off, to collect
considerable taxes.

Effective states include, Japan and United States and most European
countries, some put the best of these states into a “highly effective”
category.
• Weak States: One unable govern effectively, corrupt and penetrated
by crime.
• Failed States: One incapable of even minimal governance, with
essentially no national government.
Assignment:
• Explain the Pakistan Political System. Is Pakistan is a Monarch system
or Re-public system?