Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Quarter 1- Module 5:
8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for
profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the
payment of royalty.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand
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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cagayan
de Oro Schools Division Superintendent: Dr. Cherry Mae L. Limbaco,
CESO V
Emily A. Tabamo
Management Team
Chairperson: Dr. Arturo
B. Bayocot, CESO III
Regional
Director
Table of Contents
What This Module is About ..................................................................................... 1
What I Need to Know .............................................................................................. 1
How to Learn from this Module .............................................................................. 1
Icons of this Module ............................................................................................... 2
What I Know.......................................................................................................... 3
Lesson 1: Brain Parts, its Processes and Functions
What’s In: Major Layers of the Brain ................................................. 5
What’s New: Activity 1:Colorful Mind................................................. 6
What Is It: Our Brain Controls our Thoughts, Feelings and Behavior 7
What’s More: Activity 2: Left or Right ................................................ 10
What Is It: Brain Lobes...................................................................... 11
What’s More: Activity 3: My Functions ..............................................
12
What’s More: Activity 4: Journal Writing............................................ 13
Additional Activities: Name Label ...................................................... 14
Lesson 2: Improving and Enhancing Brain Functions
What Is It?: Brain Exercises…......................................................... 15
Activity 6:Collage it Up ................................................. 18
What’s New: 12 Ways to Keep Your Brain Young........................... 19
Acitivity 7: My Bucketlist .............................................. 20
What’s More: Best Foods to Boost Your Brain ................................ 21
Activity 8: Brain Recipe ................................................ 22
What I Can Do: Activity 9: My Blog, My Say! .................................. 23
Summary/What I Have Learned ........................................................................... 24
Assessment: (Post-
Test) ...................................................................................... 25
Key to
Answers .................................................................................................... 27
References............................................................................................
............... 28
Welcome to
PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
MODULE 1
Knowing and
Understanding Oneself
during Middle and
Late Adolescence
This module is about power of your mind. Mind power is one of the strongest and
most useful powers you posses.
This power, together with your imagination, can create success or failure, happiness
or unhappiness, opportunities or obstacles. This depends on your mindset.
Your thoughts are the main ingredient of this power, and when you add to them focus
and emotions, thoughts become powerful and can affect your reality. The thoughts
that pass through your mind are responsible for almost everything that happens in
your life.
This module guides you on how to improve brain functions for personal development
by understanding the different parts of the brain, its processes and functions.
1. Discuss that understanding the different parts of the brain, processes and
functions may help in improving thoughts, behavior and feelings.
EsP-PD11/12PM-Ig-6.1
2. explore ways on how to improve brain functions for personal
development
EsP-PD11/12PM-Ig-h-6.2
3. develop a personal plan to enhance brain functions
EsP-PD11/12PM-Ih-6.3
4. Take your time to read and understand the concepts in this module.
5. Follow the instruction carefully in every given task.
6. Answers all the given test and exercise
7. Work on the activities in this module and in every performance task given.
8. Take the Post-Test after you are done with all the lessons and activities in the
module
9. Familiarize yourselves with the given terms.
10. Meet with your teacher. Ask him/her about any difficulty or confusion you have
encountered in this module.
11. Finally, prepare and gather all your outputs and submit them to your teacher.
12. Please write all your answers of the tests, activities, exercises, and others on
your separate activity notebook.
1
ICONS OF THIS MODULE
ICON LABEL IN THE MODULE DETAILS
2
What I know PRE-ASSESSMENT
As an initial activity, you will be assessed on your prior knowledge about finding the
answers to the research questions. This is to find out what are the things you need to
learn more about the subject matter.
2. Which part of the brain regulates many vital autonomic functions including
heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and digestion?
A. Brain Stem C. Hypothalamus
C. Thalamus D. Cerebellum
1. If you realize there is an intruder in your home, why would you most likely
experience spurt in brain activity?
A. The event would stimulate your cerebellum which would enable you to
remove yourself from the situation
B. The even would trigger your hippocampus to activate memories of
previous robbery
C. Your hypothalamus is producing a fight or flight response
D. Your brain stem is stimulating a sudden release of adrenaline
3. Which part of the brain is responsible for reasoning, planning, speech and
movement, emotions and problem-solving?
A. Frontal lobe C. Parietal lobe
B. Occipital lobe D. Temporal lobe
7. This part of the brain handles the perception of stimuli like touch, pressure,
temperature and pain.
A. Frontal lobe C. Parietal lobe
B. Occipital lobe D. Temporal lobe
3
8. The perception and recognition of sounds and memory are the responsibility
of this part of the brain.
A. Frontal lobe C. Parietal lobe
B. Occipital lobe D. Temporal lobe
1. What does the light blue shaded organ refer to in the below diagram?
A. Cerebrum
B. Cerebellum
C. Medulla Oblongata
D. Pons
2. What does tha green shaded organ refer to in the below diagram?
A. Cerebrum
B. Cerebellum
C. Medulla Oblongata
D. Pons
4
Lesson
BRAIN PARTS, ITS PROCESSES AND FUNCTIONS
1
DISCUSS THAT UNDERSTANDING THE
DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE BRAIN, PROCESSS
AND FUNCTIONS MAY HELP IN IMPROVING
What’s In THOUGHTS, BEHAVIOR AND FEELING
Esp_PD11/12PM-Ig6.1
The human brain is one of the most complex systems on earth. Every component of
the brain must work together in order to keep its body functioning. The brain and the
spinal cord make up the central nervous system, which alongside the peripheral
nervous system is responsible for regulating all bodily functions. The brain is split up
into three major layers: the hindbrain, the midbrain, and the forebrain.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain is the well-protected central core of the brain. It includes the
cerebellum, reticular formation, and brain stem, which are responsible for some of the
most basic autonomic functions of life, such as breathing and movement. The brain
stem contains the pons and medulla oblongata. Evolutionarily speaking, the
hindbrain contains the oldest parts of the brain, which all vertebrates possess, though
they may look different from species to species.
Midbrain
The midbrain makes up part of the brain stem. It is located between the hindbrain
and forebrain. All sensory and motor information that travels between the forebrain
and the spinal cord passes through the midbrain, making it a relay station for the
central nervous system.
Forebrain
The forebrain is the most anterior division of the developing vertebrate brain,
containing the most complex networks in the central nervous system. The forebrain
has two major divisions: the diencephalon and the telencephalon. The diencephalon
is lower, containing the thalamus and hypothalamus (which together form the limbic
system); the telencephalon is on top of the diencephalon and contains the cerebrum,
the home of the highest-level cognitive processing in the brain. It is the large and
complicated forebrain that distinguishes the human brain from other vertebrate
brains.
5
OUR BRAIN CONTROLS OUR
THOUGHTS, FEELINGS AND BEHAVIOR
What’s New
Instruction: Color the parts of the brain according to the color of the text of the
definition of the parts of the brain below the drawing
6
OUR BRAIN CONTROLS OUR
What is It
THOUGHTS, FEELINGS AND BEHAVIOR
Structures and function of the “old brain” and its influence on behavior
The brain stem is the oldest and innermost region of the brain. It’s designed to
control the most basic functions of life, including breathing, attention, and motor
responses
The brain stem begins where the spinal cord enters the skull and forms the medulla,
the area of the brain stem that controls heart rate and breathing.
The spherical shape above the medulla is the pons, a structure in the brain stem that
helps control the movements of the body, playing a particularly important role in
balance and walking.
Running through the medulla and the pons is a long, narrow network of neurons
known as the reticular formation. The job of the reticular formation is to filter out
some of the stimuli that are coming into the brain from the spinal cord and to relay
the remainder of the signals to other areas of the brain. The reticular formation also
plays important roles in walking, eating, sexual activity, and sleeping.
Above the brain stem are other parts of the old brain that also are involved in the
processing of behavior and emotions (The Limbic System).
The thalamus is the egg-shaped structure above the brain stem that applies still
more filtering to the sensory information that is coming up from the spinal cord and
through the reticular formation, and it relays some of these remaining signals to the
higher brain levels (Guillery & Sherman, 2002). The thalamus also receives some of
the higher brain’s replies, forwarding them to the medulla and the cerebellum. The
thalamus is also important in sleep because it shuts off incoming signals from the
senses, allowing us to rest.
7
The cerebellum (literally, “little brain”) consists of two wrinkled ovals behind the
brain stem. It functions to coordinate voluntary movement. People who have damage
to the cerebellum have difficulty walking, keeping their balance, and holding their
hands steady. Consuming alcohol influences the cerebellum, which is why people
who are drunk have more difficulty walking in a straight line. Also, the cerebellum
contributes to emotional responses, helps us discriminate between different sounds
and textures, and is important in learning (Bower & Parsons, 2003).
Located just under the thalamus (hence its name) the hypothalamus is a brain
structure that contains a number of small areas that perform a variety of functions,
including the important role of linking the nervous system to the endocrine system via
the pituitary gland. Through its many interactions with other parts of the brain, the
hypothalamus helps regulate body temperature, hunger, thirst, and sex, and
responds to the satisfaction of these needs by creating feelings of pleasure
The hippocampus consists of two “horns” that curve back from the amygdala. The
hippocampus is important in storing information in long-term memory. If the
hippocampus is damaged, a person cannot build new memories, living instead in a
strange world where everything he or she experiences just fades away, even while
older memories from the time before the damage are untouched.
The key to the advanced intelligence of humans is not found in the size of our brains.
What sets humans apart from other animals is our larger cerebral cortex—the outer
bark-like layer of our brain that allows us to so successfully use language, acquire
complex skills, create tools, and live in social groups (Gibson, 2002). In humans, the
cerebral cortex is wrinkled and folded, rather than smooth as it is in most other
animals. This creates a much greater surface area and size, and allows increased
capacities for learning, remembering, and thinking. The folding of the cerebral cortex
is referred to as corticalization.
8
Cerebral Cortex
The cerebral cortex is the outermost layered structure of the brain and controls
higher brain functions such as information processing.
The cerebral cortex, the largest part of the brain, is the ultimate control and
information-processing center in the brain.
The left side of the brain controls the right side of the body. It also accomplishes
tasks that involve the academic and logical thinking like mathematics and science.
However, the right hemisphere coordinates the left side of the body and achieves
tasks that involve creativity and arts. The two sides of the brain communicate with
one another through the corpus callosum that connects them.
The left hemisphere controls the muscles on the right side of the body while the right
hemisphere controls those on the left. This is why the damage to the left of the
brains, for example, might have an effect on the right side of the body.
Based on the left-brain right brain dominance theory, the right side of the brain is best
at expressive and creative tasks.
Recognizing faces Color Motions Images
Music Intuitions Reading emotions Creativity
Some of the abilities popularly associated with the right side of the brain include:
The left-side of the brain is considered to be adept at tasks that involve logic,
language, and analytical thinking. The left-brain is described as being better at:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-psychology/chapter/structure-and-function-of-the-brain/
9
WHICH HEMISPHERE IS
DOMINANT?
What’s More
ACTIVITY 2: LEFT OR RIGHT?
BRAIN LOBES
To find out if the left or right side of your brain is dominant, decide if the
statements below are true or false to you. But d on’t take the r esult too
seriously; the brain is very complex and scientist s are not e how it
sur works?
1. I don’t normally arrive late.
TRUE/FALSE What is It
2. I write in a diary.
TRUE/FALSE Each side of
1. I’d like to be a lawyer, journalist, or doctor your brain
2. TRUE/FALSE contains four
.
3. I can express myself well in words lobes. The
TRUE/FALSE frontal lobe is
6. If someone asks me a question, I turn my ight important for
TRUE/FALSE cognitive
head to the
1. I want to know the facts before I give my functions and
TRUE/FALSE control of
r opinion
2. I make lists of things to do. voluntary
TRUE/FALSE movement or
9. I read the instruction before I make somet activity. The
TRUE/FALSE parietal lobe
hing.
1. I’m not very musical. processes
TRUE/FALSE information
2. When I talk, I don’t move my hands muc about
TRUE/FALSE temperature,
h.
12. I’d prefer to give someone directions than map taste, touch and
TRUE/FALSE movement,
to
while the
occipital lobe is primarily dra responsible for vision.
m a integrating them with sensations of taste,
The temporal lobe processes memories,
sound, sight and touch.
Results
Mostly TRUE- The left side of your brain is probably dominant. Are you logical
person? Can you express your ideas well?
Mostly FALSE- The right side of you brain is probably dominant. Are you an intuitive
person? Are you artistic or musical?
Six True, six False- You use both sides of your brain equally.
Injury to the frontal lobes may affect emotions, impulse control, language, memory,
social and sexual behavior
Injury to the parietal lobe may affect: The ability to locate parts of the body.The ability
to recognize parts of your body.
Occipital Lobes
Located at the lower back of the head, the occipital lobes. It receives the process
visual information. Contain areas that help in receiving shapes and colors.
Injury to the occipital lobes may affect: Distortion of the visual field. Perception of
size, color, and shape
Injury to the temporal lobe may afffect: Hearing, Language, the ability to recognize a
familiar persons face and processing sensory information
https://www.brainline.org/tbi-basics/interactive-brain
ACTIVITY 3: MY FUNCTION
11
A. Brain Stem
B. Cerebellum
C. Occipital Lobes
D. Temporal Lobes
E. Parietal Lobes
F. Frontal Lob
https://blog.chocchildrens.org/brain-quiz/
1. Breathing
2. Vision
3. Judgment
4. Language
5. Balance
6. Attention
7. Goal Setting
8. Touch Perception
9. Coordination
10. Memory Acquisition
11. Sensory Integration
12. Time Perception
13. Swallowing
14. Recognition of Printed Words
15. Control of Emotional Response
16. Hearing Ability
17. Inhibition
18. Initiation
19. Startle Response
20. Color
What’s More
12
struggle to remember the name of an old friend?
2. Do you think that encouraging left-handed children to use their right hands is a
good idea? Why or why not?
3. Does understanding the different parts of the brain , processes and functions
help in improving thoughts, behavior and feelings?
REFLECTION
BRAIN PARTS
Additional Activities
Instruction:
13
The parts of the brain have been labeled. Your challenged is to write the correct
name for each part
14
Lesson IMPROVING AND EHANCING BRAIN
2
FUNCTIONS
https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/brain-exercises#Brain-exercises
BRAIN EXERCISES
Research has shown that there are many ways you can hone your mental sharpness
and help your brain stay healthy, no matter what age you are. Doing certain brain
exercises to help boost your memory, concentration, and focus can make daily tasks
quicker and easier to do, and keep your brain sharp as you get older.
Let’s take a deeper dive into 13 evidence-based exercises that offer the best brain-
boosting benefits.
15
1. Build your vocabulary
A rich vocabulary has a way of making you sound smart. But did you know you can
also turn a quick vocab lesson into a stimulating brain game?
Research shows that many more regions of the brain are involved in vocabulary
tasks, particularly in areas that are important for visual and auditory processing. To
test this theory, try this cognitive-boosting activity:
Keep a notebook with you when you read.
Write down one unfamiliar word, then look up the definition.
Try to use that word five times the next day.
https://bit.ly/2YgNYri
2. Learn a new skill
Learning a new skill is not only fun and interesting, but it may also help strengthen
the connections in your brain. Research from 2014Trusted Source also shows that
learning a new skill can help improve memory function in older adults. Is there
something you’ve always wanted to learn how to do? Perhaps you’d like to know how
to repair your car, use a particular software program, or ride a horse? You now have
one more good reason to learn that new skill.
16
1. Listen to or play music
Do you want an easy way to increase your creative brain power? The answer may lie
in turning on some music. According to a 2017 studyTrusted Source, listening to
happy tunes helps generate more innovative solutions compared to being in silence.
Which means, cranking up some feel-good music can help boost your creative
thinking and brain power. And if you want to learn how to play music, now is a great
time to start because your brain is capable of learning new skills at any point in your
life. That’s why you’re never too old to start playing an instrument like the piano,
guitar, or even the drums.
3. Meditate
Daily meditation can calm your body, slow your
breathing, and reduce stress and anxiety. But did
you know that it may also help fine-tune your
memory and increase your brain’s ability to process
informationTrusted Source? Find a quiet spot, close
your eyes, and spend five minutes meditating each
day.
shorturl.at/xUV34
Instruction:
1. Make a collage of how you improve brain functions for your personal development
2. Make a short description of your collage
shorturl.at/cuxzA
18
12 WAYS TO KEEP YOUR BRAIN YOUNG
What’s New
19
1. Improve your cholesterol
High levels of LDL ("bad") cholesterol are associated with an increased the risk of
dementia. Diet, exercise, weight control, and avoiding tobacco will go a long way
toward improving your cholesterol levels. But if you need more help, ask your doctor
about medication.
3. Avoid tobacco
Avoid tobacco in all its forms.
ACTIVITY 7: MY BUCKETLIST
Instruction:
2. Coffee
If coffee is the highlight of your morning, you'll be glad to hear that it's good for
you. Coffee can help boost alertness and mood. It may also offer some
protection against Alzheimer's, thanks to its caffeine and antioxidants
3. Blueberries
4. Turmeric
Turmeric has generated a lot of buzz recently. Turmeric and its active
compound curcumin have strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits,
which help the brain. In research, it has reduced symptoms of depression and
Alzheimer's disease.
5. Broccoli
Broccoli is packed with powerful plant compounds, including antioxidants.
Broccoli contains a number of compounds that have powerful antioxidant and
anti-inflammatory effects, including vitamin K.
6. Pumpkin Seeds
Pumpkin seeds contain powerful antioxidants that protect the body and brain
from free radical damage. Pumpkin seeds are rich in many micronutrients that
are important for brain function, including copper, iron, magnesium and zinc.
21
1. Dark Chocolate
Dark chocolate and cocoa powder are packed with a few brain-boosting
compounds, including flavonoids, caffeine and antioxidants. The flavonoids in
chocolate may help protect the brain. Studies have suggested that eating
chocolate could boost both memory and mood
2. Nuts
Research has shown that eating nuts can improve markers of heart health, and
having a healthy heart is linked to having a healthy brain. Nuts contain a host
of brain-boosting nutrients, including vitamin E, healthy fats and plant
compounds.
3. Oranges
You can get all the vitamin C you need in a day by eating one medium.
Oranges and other foods that are high in vitamin C can help defend your brain
against damage from free radicals.
4. Eggs
Eggs are a good source of several nutrients tied to brain health, including
vitamins B6 and B12, folate and choline. Eggs are a rich source of several B
vitamins and choline, which are important for proper brain functioning and
development, as well as regulating mood.
5. Green Tea
As is the case with coffee, the caffeine in green tea boosts brain function.
Green tea is an excellent beverage to support your brain. Its caffeine content
boosts alertness, while its antioxidants protect the brain and L-theanine helps
you relax.
INSTRUCTION:
Make a simple brain recipe. Use in season locally grown ingredients. Take a photo of
the ingredients. Be sure to make an enticing localized recipe that will boost your brain
functions.
Ingredients:
Directions:
Kitchen Tips:
Nutrition Facts: shorturl.at/zFPW6
22
PERSONAL PLAN
What I can
Do
ACTIVITY 9: MY BLOG, MY SAY!
In light of that, make a simple blog suggesting 10 ways to help you reach your full
intellectual potential and improve your brain health, with each of the ten
suggestions having at least somewhat respectable evidence in their favor. As you
work our way down to number one, consider techniques that are backed up with
harder evidence. Make it convincing. Posting your blog is optional.
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/iq-boot-camp/201407/10-ways-improve-your-brain-health
23
What I Have Learned
GENERALIZATION
Motor Cortex
Sensory Cortex
Movement
Sensations
Frontal Lobe
Executive functions,
thinking, planning,
organizing and problem
solving, emotions, Parietal Lobe
behavioral control,
Perception, making
personality
sense of the world,
arithmetic, spelling
Occipital Lobe
Vision
Memory, Understanding,
Brain Stem
Language
Basic life functions,
heartbeat, breathing,
blood pressure
24
Assessme
nt
1. What does the light blue shaded organ refer to in the below diagram?
A. Cerebrum
B. Cerebellum
C. Medulla Oblongata
D. Pons
2. What does tha green shaded organ refer to in the below diagram?
A. Cerebrum
B. Cerebellum
C. Medulla Oblongata
D. Pons
4. Which part of the brain is responsible for reasoning, planning, speech and
movement, emotions and problem-solving?
A. Frontal lobe C. Parietal lobe
B. Occipital lobe D. Temporal lobe
7. This part of the brain handles the perception of stimuli like touch, pressure,
temperature and pain.
A. Frontal lobe C. Parietal lobe
B. Occipital lobe D. Temporal lobe
25
8. The perception and recognition of sounds and memory are the responsibility
of this part of the brain.
A. Frontal lobe C. Parietal lobe
B. Occipital lobe D. Temporal lobe
2. Which part of the brain regulates many vital autonomic functions including
heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and digestion?
C. Hypothalamus
A. Brain Stem D. Cerebellum
C. Thalamus
1. If you realize there is an intruder in your home, why would you most likely
experience spurt in brain activity?
A. The event would stimulate your cerebellum which would enable you to
remove yourself from the situation
B. The even would trigger your hippocampus to activate memories of
previous robbery
C. Your hypothalamus is producing a fight or flight response
D. Your brain stem is stimulating a sudden release of adrenaline
26