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PRECEDENCE TSI-376 PERENCANAAN BIAYA DAN

JADWAL PROYEK

DIAGRAM METHOD
(PDM)
Benny HIDAYAT, PhD
Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Universitas Andalas
12/29/2022 1
PRECEDENCE DIAGRAMMING
METHOD (PDM)
 Activities are represented by boxes
 Arrows show relationships between activities
 More popular than AOA method and used by project
management software
 Better at showing different types of dependencies

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PDM LOGICAL RELATIONSHIP
 The left side of the PDM node is designed the “start side” and the right
side is designed the “finished side”.
 Because of the importance of the side, PDM uses arrowheads to
identify the direction of relationship.
 Precedence diagramming allows more flexibility in modeling
relationship than AOA diagramming. AOA diagramming allow only
one kind of logical relationship : a preceding activity must be
complete before any succeeding activity can begin.
 The four logical relationship used by PDM are : Finish to start, Start to
start, Finish to finish, Start to finish
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 TASK DEPENDENCY TYPES

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 PDM – TYPES OF
RELATIONSHIPS
FS Finish-to-start A B

A
SS Start-to-start
B

A
FF Finish-to-finish
B
A
SF Start-to-finish
B
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FINISH-TO-START (FS)
A B

 Hubungan antara mulainya suatu kegiatan dengan selesainya kegiatan

sebelumnya.
 FS(i-j)=a  Kegiatan j mulai a hari setelah kegiatan sebelumnya (i)
selesai.
 Diharapkan a=0, kegiatan j langsung dilaksanakan begitu i selesai; kecuali
ada peristiwa lain seperti: iklim yang tidak dapat dicegah, menunggu
pengerasan beton, mengurus perizinan.
 Tipe hubungan FS ini dipakai pada metoda jaringan CPM.

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 A
START-TO-START (SS) B

 Hubungan yang menjelaskan mulainya suatu kegiatan dengan mulainya

kegiatan sebelumnya.
 SS(i-j)=b  Kegiatan j mulai setelah b hari kegiatan i dimulai {lead time
(waktu mendahului)}.

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 A
FINISH-TO-FINISH (FF) B

 Hubungan antara selesainya satu kegiatan dengan selesainya

kegiatan sebelumnya.
 FF(i-j)=c  Suatu kegiatan j selesai c hari setelah kegiatan i
selesai.
 Kontrain ini mencegah kegiatan j selesai 100% sebelum kegiatan
sebelum (i) telah sekian hari (c) selesai.

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 A
START-TO-FINISH (SF)
B
 Hubungan antara selesainya suatu kegiatan dengan
mulainya kegiatan terdahulu.
 SF(i-j)=d  suatu kegiatan (j) selesai setelah d hari
kegiatan sebelumnya (i) dimulai.
 Tipe hubungan ini sangat jarang ditemukan.

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 PRECEDENCE DIAGRAM
METHOD (PDM)
A (10) Activity B will start right
Gantt chart
B (10) after Activity A finishes

A B
CPM (AOA) i J k
10 10

A (10)
Activity B will start right
after Activity A starts
B (10)

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PRECEDENCE DIAGRAM METHOD
(PDM)
PDM Extends CPM to include
Multiple relationships beyond Finish-to-Start
Finish-to-Finish

Start-to-Start

Start-to-Finish

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 PRECEDENCE DIAGRAM
METHOD (PDM)
A (10)
Activity B will start 5 days later
(5)
after Activity A finishes
B (10)

A B
CPM (AOA) i J k
10 10

A A’ B
i J J’ k
10 5 10

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PRECEDENCE DIAGRAM METHOD
(PDM)
PDM Extends CPM to include
 Lag (+) & Lead (-)

A (10)

FS (+5)

B (10)

A (10)

FS (-5)

B (10)

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 PDM RELATIONSHIPS W/ LAG & LEAD
Lay-Out & Excavate

Finish-to-Start Lead Install Fuel Tanks

FS -1

Finish-to-Start Lag
Pour 4th-Floor Slab

Remove 4th Floor Shoring

FS +14

Start-to-Start Lead SS -1
Backfill Pipe

Install Pipe

Start-to-Start Lag
Install Fuel Tanks

Install Exterior Conduits

SS +1
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Adapted from: Callahan et al., 1992
 PDM RELATIONSHIPS W/ LAG & LEAD
Finish-to-Finish Lead Form Slab on Grade

Reinforce Slab on Grade FF -1

Finish-to-Finish Lag Excavate Trench

FF +3
Lay Pipe

Start-to-Finish Lead
Approve
SF -1
Prepare Wall Shop Drawings

Start-to-Finish Lag
Install Wood Paneling & Base
SF +10
Install Carpeting

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Adapted from: Callahan et al., 1992
 Slack or Float in PDM

Total Float (TF)

 TF(k) = LF(k) - ES(k) - Dk

Start Float (SF)

 SF(k) = LS(k) - ES(k)

Finish Float (FNF)

 FNF(k) = LF(k) - EF(k)

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 PDM EXAMPLE
10 30
A 1 C
GC GC

3 2

40 3 80 90 100
D H K
FINISH
EL ME ME
1 2 6 2 0
ES START EF 1
LS LF
D SF FNF TF

20 50
B E
GC ME
4 4

60 70
2 F G
GC EL
6 3
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Source: Callahan et al., 1992
 FORWARD PASS
10 30 30’s ES = 10’s EF + Lag (FS)
0 A 3 1 4 C 6
GC GC

3 2

40 3 80 90 100
D H K
FINISH
EL ME ME
1 2 6 2 0
0 START 0 1
LS LF
D SF FNF TF

20 50
0 B 4 E
GC ME
4 4

60 70
2 F G
GC EL
6 3
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Source: Callahan et al., 1992
 FORWARD PASS
10 30
0 A 3 1 4 C 6
100’s ES = 90’S EF
GC GC
2
MAX 100’s ES = 70’s EF
3

40 3 80 90 100
7 D 9 9 H 15 15 K 17 17 FINISH 17
EL ME ME
1 2 6 2 0
0 START 0 1
LS LF
D SF FNF TF

20 50
0 B 4 4 E 8
GC ME
4 4

60 70
2 6 F 12 12 G 15
GC EL
6 3
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Source: Callahan et al., 1992
 BACKWARD PASS
10 30
0 A 3 1 4 C 6
GC GC

3 2

40 3 80 90 100
7 D 9 9 H 15 15 K 17 17 FINISH 17
EL 9 ME 15 15 ME 17 17 17
1 2 6 2 0
0 START 0 1
D SF FNF TF

20 50
0 B 4 4 E 8
GC ME
4 4

60 70
2 6 F 12 12 G 15
GC 14 EL 17
70’s LF = 100’S LS 6 3
MIN
70’s LS = 80’s LF - 1
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Source: Callahan et al., 1992
 BACKWARD PASS
10 30
0 A 3 1 4 C 6
0 GC 3 4 GC 6
3 2

40 3 80 90 100
7 D 9 9 H 15 15 K 17 17 FINISH 17
7 EL 9 9 ME 15 15 ME 17 17 17
1 2 6 2 0
0 START 0 1
0 0
D SF FNF TF

20 50
0 B 4 4 E 8
1 GC 5 5 ME 9
4 4

1’s LF = 10’S LS 60 70
MIN
1’s LF = 20’s LS 2 6 F 12 12 G 15
8 GC 14 14 EL 17
6 3
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Source: Callahan et al., 1992
 TOTAL SLACK OR FLOAT
10 30
0 A 3 1 4 C 6
0 GC 3 4 GC 6
2 0
TS or TF = LF - ES - D
3 0

40 3 80 90 100
7 D 9 9 H 15 15 K 17 17 FINISH 17
7 EL 9 9 ME 15 15 ME 17 17 17
1 2 0 6 0 2 0 0 0
0 START 0 1
0 0
D SF FNF 0

20 50
0 B 4 4 E 8
1 GC 5 5 ME 9
4 1 4 1

60 70
2 6 F 12 12 G 15
8 GC 14 14 EL 17
6 2 3 2
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Source: Callahan et al., 1992
 0
0
10
A
GC
3
3
1 4
4
CCRITICAL PATH
30
GC
6
6
3 0 2 0

40 3 80 90 100
7 D 9 9 H 15 15 K 17 17 FINISH 17
7 EL 9 9 ME 15 15 ME 17 17 17
1 2 0 6 0 2 0 0 0
0 START 0 1
0 0
D SF FNF 0

20 50
0 B 4 4 E 8
1 GC 5 5 ME 9
4 1 4 1

60 70
2 6 F 12 12 G 15
8 GC 14 14 EL 17
6 2 3 2
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Source: Callahan et al., 1992
 START & FINISH SLACK OR FLOAT
10 30
0 A 3 1 4 C 6
0 GC 3 4 GC 6
3 0 0 0 2 0 0 0

40 3 80 90 100
7 D 9 9 H 15 15 K 17 17 FINISH 17
7 EL 9 9 ME 15 15 ME 17 17 17
1 2 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 START 0 1
0 0
D 0 0 0

20 50
0 B 4 4 E 8
1 GC 5 5 ME 9
4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1

60 70
2 6 F 12 12 G 15
8 GC 14 14 EL 17
6 2 2 2 3 2 2 2
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Source: Callahan et al., 1992
 LATIHAN

Source: http://classes.sdc.wsu.edu/classes/cstm462/Lecture%207-%20Creating%20Schedules%20using%20PDM.pdf

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 TERIMAKASIH

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