Homeostasis

by: Kenny James P. Merin, RPh

• This is body’s ability to maintain relatively
stable internal conditions even though the
outside world is continuously changing.

• A dynamic state of equilibrium

Homeostatic Control Mechanisms
 Language of Anatomy

Learning the
Terminologies of
Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomical Position
 Directional Terms
• Explains exactly where one body structure is in
relation to another
• Superior
• Inferior
• Ventral (Anterior)
• Dorsal (Posterior)
• Medial
• Lateral
• Proximal
• Distal
• Superficial (External)
• Deep (Internal)
SUPERIOR
 1 4 16
10
5
6
12 14
17
7 13 15
2
8

11

18

3
19
9
 Body Planes and Sections
• In order to classify the mode accordingly,
“planes” are made as imaginary lines to
separate the parts of the body.

• There are three sections.

 1. Sagittal Section
• Divides the body into
right and left parts.

• Also known as
medianor midsagittal
 2. Frontal Section
• Divides the body into
anterior and posterior
parts

• Also known as coronal

section
 3. Transverse Section
• Divides body into
superior and inferior
parts
Body Cavity
 Dorsal Cavity
• Has two subdivisions:
– Cranial cavity
• Space inside the skull
• Protects the brain

– Spinal Cavity
• Protects the spinal chord
 Ventral Body Cavity
• Much larger than the dorsal cavity
• Contains all the structures within the chest
and abdomen
• It is also subdivided;
superior thoracic cavity
Diaphragm
Mediastinum
Abdominopelvic cavity
 Quadrants
• Abdominopelvic cavity is quite large and
contains many orgnas, that is why it is further
classified into quadrants that are named after
their respective position.
 4 Quadrants

• Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

• Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
• Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
• Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
 9 Quadrants
• Umbilical Region
– centermost
• Epigastric Region
– Superior to the umbilical chord
– (epi=upon, above; gastric=stomach)
• Hypogastric (pubic region)
– Inferior to the umbilical chord
• Right and Left Iliac or inguinal Regions
– Lateral to the hypogastric region
– (iliac = superior part of the hip bone)
• Right and Left hypochondriac Regions
– contains the lower ribs
– (chondro = cartilage)