TERMINOLOGY AND

BODY PLAN
Here starts
the lesson!
 01
BODY POSITIONS
(ANATOMICAL POSITION)
BODY POSITIONS
Anatomical position
refers to a person
standing erect with
the face directed
forward, the upper
limbs hanging to the
sides, and the palms
of the hands facing
forward.
A person is SUPINE
when lying face upward
A person is PRONE
when lying face downward
 02
DIRECTIONAL
TERMS
Directional 6. Caudal
Terms 7. Anterior
8. Posterior
It describe parts of 9. Ventral
the body relative to 10. Dorsal
each other. 11. Proximal
12. Distal
13. Lateral
Terms 14. Medial
15. Superficial
1. Right 16. Deep
2. Left
3. Superior
4. Inferior
5. Cephalic
 Right Left
Superior
(Cephalic)

Proximal
Medial
Distal Lateral

Inferior
(Caudal)

Proximal

Distal
Superior
(Cephalic)
Anterior Posterior

(ventral) (dorsal)

Inferior
(Caudal) Proximal

Distal
 03
Body Parts and
Region
Body Parts and
Region
Central Region
1. Head
2. Neck
3. Trunk
a. Thorax
b. Abdomen
c. Pelvis
 04
QUADRRANTS
Quadrants
The abdomen is often
subdivided superficially
into quadrants by two
imaginary lines—one
horizontal and one 1 2
vertical.

1. the right-upper 3 4
2. the left-upper,
3. the right-lower, and
4. the left-lower
quadrants.
 Regions
1. Epigastric

2. Right and left

2 1 2
hypochondriac

3. Umbilical
4 3 4
4. Right and left lumbar
6 5 6
5. hypogastric, and

6. right and left iliac

 05
PLANES
 Planes
1. A sagittal plane
separates the body or a
structure into right and
left halves.

2. A median plane is a
sagittal plane that
passes through the
midline of the body,
dividing it into equal
right and left halves.
Planes

3. A transverse
(horizontal) plane
runs parallel to the
ground,

4. A frontal (coronal)
plane divides the body
into front (anterior)
and back (posterior)
halves.
sagittal plane
median plane
Transverse
Frontal
Longitudinal section

Transverse (cross) section

Oblique section
 05
BODY CAVITIES
 BODY CAVITIES
The body contains
two types of
internal cavities:

1. DORSAL CAVITY
2. VENTRAL CAVITY
 DORSAL CAVITY
● It encloses the
organs of the nervous
system, the brain and
spinal cord.
● (1) the cranial
cavity, which houses
the brain, and
● (2) the vertebral
canal, which houses
the spinal cord
 VENTRAL CAVITY
● It houses the vast
majority of our
internal organs,
thoracic collectively referred
cavity
to as the viscera.

● It also has two major

Abdomino
subdivisions, which
pelvic are (1) the thoracic
cavity
cavity and (2) the
abdominopelvic cavity.
 Thoracic Cavity Membranes

Pericardial Parietal Peritoneal

 Parietal serous
membrane

visceral serous
membrane

CAVITY
Pericardial
Containing the heart, is
housed in the mediastinum.

parietal pericardium
visceral pericardium

The space between the two

pericardial membranes is
called the pericardial
cavity and is filled with
pericardial fluid
Parietal pleura

Visceral pleura

Pleural fluid
parietal
peritoneum

visceral
peritoneum.

peritoneal
fluid