You will consider:

+ the influence of culture of people do business

+ cultural ethos
+ cultural dimensions theory
+ six main areas of cultural difference
+ effectcs of directness and indrectness on
business practices
• Understand implication and inference
• Make strong inferences and avoid weak ones
• Paraphrase
• Understand Noun Clauses
• Guess the word meanings from context
Discussion (10 minutes)
A and B are in love
A: Tonight, my parents are away.
What does A want to IMPLY to B (writer/ speaker)
- B, come to my house tonight, I am alone/ lonely.

B: Infer (Inference)
- Really, go to bed early, lock the door (stupid)
- Oh, good chance for us. Wait for me. We are going to
have a Party tonight.
 1. Understand Implication and Inference

• TO IMPLY (implication)
- To communicate an idea without actually
saying it.
- The text IMPLY things.
• TO INFER (inference)
- To understand an idea even though it
is not directly said.
- You read the text and INFER things.
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/
5cf926765d50e3001a38cd01/inference
“Class. Please get your pencils
and writing books out,” said the
teacher.
- The teacher is implying that the students in the
class are going to write something.
- - The students infer from the instruction that
they are going to write something.
 Imply and Infer

• Both verbs have to do with the communication of

information. 
• The difference between the two is
that imply refers to giving information,
while infer refers to receiving information.
Discussion
 Discussion
• What is cultural ethos?
• helps you engage actively with a text and use
your background knowledge to help you
improve you comprehension
2.2 INTERGRATED SKILLS: PARAPHRASE

• Definition
- Restating information you read in your
own words
• Benefits:
- Better understanding of texts
- Avoiding plagiarism (copying some’s
words or ideas).
2.2 INTERGRATED SKILLS: PARAPHRASE

• Features of a good paraphrase

- Use different words, phrases, sentence structure, and

word order from the original text.
- Contain KEY IDEAS from the original text.
- Communicate the same relationship between ideas
as in the original.
- NOT contain any additional information
Task1 Read the following excerpt

2 key ideas
Task1 Read the following excerpt

2 key ideas

Which better?

P1: better
- Be aware = be conscious of
- Cultural difference = ways in which cultures vary
- Masculine – feminine cultures = cultural dimension of..
2.2 Tips for successful paraphrase

• Use synonym (except for Technical term, unique

words)
• Change Active into Passive and vice versa
• Change order of clause in complex sentence
• Change the location of transition, time expressions,
and prepositional phrases.
• Reduce the adjective or adverbial clauses to participial
phrases.
• Use quotation mark around the phrases that you keep
from the original text
2.2 Exercises

1. Quizzi
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5e57bef4f2ea27001c00
b261/startV4

2. Exercise 4.23
4.25 Exercise 4.25

Read the first paragraph of the passage.

KEY IDEAS:
“Indulgence- versus- restraint” cultural dimension
In Hofstede’s theory.
4.25 Exercise 4.25

Read the paragraph and its paraphrase

 Q1
YES
- Synonym:
+ define and explain = describe
+ various = several
+ One of these= one of them
Q2

The paraphrase DOESN’T mention the author

Q3
Does the phrase show the same relationship
between the key ideas?
Key Idea 1: Value 1
Key Idea 2: Value 2
YES
Q4
Are the any ideas in the paraphrase that are not
present in the original text?

NO
 Q5

Is the Paraphrase a reasonably accurate restatement

of the original?

YES
4.25 B. Read and Paraphrase
4.25 B. Read and Paraphrase
4.25 B. Read and Paraphrase
4.25 B. Read and Paraphrase
• Restrained Culture

• Indulgent Culture
Vocabulary Check
Vocabulary Check
Vocabulary Check
Vocabulary Check
VOCABULARY STRATEGY

DISCUSSION
By what ways do you guess meaning
of words?
VOCABULARY STRATEGY

TIPS
1. Synonym
1. Antonym
2. Inference
3. Context
 EXERCISE 5 (217)

1. Worldview
01 Perspective
2. View of life
 EXERCISE 5 (217)

1. changing
02 Fluid
2. changes
 EXERCISE 5 (217)

1. male Masculinity
03
2. female - Femininity
 EXERCISE 5 (217)

power
04 dominance arrogant
aggressive
 EXERCISE 5 (217)

05 unpredictability ambiguity
 EXERCISE 5 (217)

Organizations to be
organized
06 Concentrated at the Hierarchies
top
1. Not overly friendly 4. Under the surface
2. Saving 5. Earlier results
3. Carefully regulated 6. Wide range
APPLY YOUR SKILLSssss

Work in Groups
1. Read the text
2. Hold a Talk Show
Topic: High-context and Low Context cultures
Chairperson:
- Introducing Guesses : Name, Title, Research Field
- Identifying Purpose of Talk show
- Leading the Show
Guesses:
2.1 Definition
2.2 Main Differences
2.3 Anticipated misunderstanding between 2 cultures
2.4 Personal perspectives
Conclusion