Learning Strand 2

States of Matter
 Learning Strand 2
“Science Song”
Tune: Jingle Bells
Be ready
Lessons are all new It’s more fun
All you have to do… More activities

Listen to your teacher Science time

To learn something new Science time
Oh, Its Science time
Hey, Science time
Science time I like it
Oh, Its Science time I love it
I love my teacher too..
 States of Matter

What can you see

around our room?
 States of Matter
Matter
- is something that has mass and
volume (takes up space). Matter
can be found in several phases or
states.
 States of Matter
3 States (Phases)
of Matter
1. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Gas
 States of Matter
3 States (Phases)
of Matter
1. Solid
-Solids have a fixed shape and volume.
A solid’s particles are packed closely
together. There is not much space
between the particles and there is little
particle movement.
 States of Matter
3 States (Phases)
of Matter
2. Liquid
-Liquids have a fixed volume, but takes
the shape of the container in which they
sit. There is not much space between the
particles, but they can slide past each
other and flow easily.
 States of Matter
3 States (Phases)
of Matter
3. Gas
-no definite volume or shape.
The atoms and molecules
move freely and spread apart
from one another.
Ahh…KNOW
Na!
Ahh…KNOW Na!

NATURAL GAS
Ahh…KNOW Na!

BLOOD
Ahh…KNOW Na!

COIN
Ahh…KNOW Na!

SAND
MERCUR
Ahh…KNOW Na!

Y
Ahh…KNOW Na!

CARBON
DIOXIDE
Ahh…KNOW Na!

NITROGEN
Ahh…KNOW Na!

ICE
Ahh…KNOW Na!

WOOD
Ahh…KNOW Na!
WATER
VAPOR
Ahh…KNOW Na!

ACETONE
Ahh…KNOW Na!

OZONE
Ahh…KNOW Na!

MILK
Ahh…KNOW Na!

OIL
Ahh…KNOW Na!

HYDROGEN
ALCOHO
Ahh…KNOW Na!

L
Ahh…KNOW Na!

BANANA
Ahh…KNOW Na!

BRICK
Ahh…KNOW Na!

WINE
Ahh…KNOW Na!

HONEY
METHAN
Ahh…KNOW Na!

E
 Physical States of Matter
These are physical states of the molecules of matter. Molecules can shift from
one physical state to another without changing their molecular structure (or
chemical state). Water is still H20 when it is ice, steam or a liquid – even
though its physical state has changed.
Physical states can be changed by adding energy (i.e. increasing
temperature or pressure) or releasing energy (i.e. cooling or lowering pressure).
This does not change the matter’s molecular structure. It is still the same matter
or substance. When you heat a substance, you are adding energy to it. The
movement of its molecules will increase until its physical state changes.
 Physical States of Matter
The six ways to change the phase (state) of matter:
1) Melting changes, a solid to a liquid. (i.e. dripping icicles)
2) Freezing changes a liquid to a solid. (i.e. lake freezing over)
3) Evaporation changes a liquid to a gas. (i.e. clothes drying on a clothesline)
4) Condensation changes a gas to liquid. (i.e. water forming on the outside of a
cold glass)
5) Sublimation changes a solid to a gas. (i.e. ice cubes shrinking in the freezer)
6) Deposition changes a gas to a solid. (i.e. frost forming on the windows)
 Physical States of Matter
These changes happen at
precise temperatures for
different substances. Scientists
refer to these as melting point,
freezing point, condensing point
and boiling point. Water’s
melting and freezing point is
0°C, while its boiling point is
100°C.
 Physical States of Matter
Water’s Unique Quality
Usually solids are more dense than liquids because their molecules are closer.
Water is an important exception to this rule. When water freezes, it forms a
bonded arrangement of molecules that is actually less dense than liquid water, yet
takes up more space. This is an important feature of water in that when ice forms
on a lake or other waterway, it is less dense than the liquid water – so forms on top
of the liquid water. This allows water animals to stay alive all winter under the ice.
Without this trait, many of the living things on Earth would not have survived and
evolved to what we have today.
 Physical States of Matter
It is also important to
note (and helpful to us) that
other substances have
much higher melting
temperature than water.
Imagine if salt or sugar
melted at room temperature
the way water does.
Physical States of Matter
Simple interest is interest on loans computed
on the basis of this equation:
Interest = Principal × rate × time
Or
I = Prt
 Interest = Principal × rate × time
Or
Where: I = Prt
I=Interest
P=Principal is the money deposited or loaned.
r=Rate is the interest rate expressed in decimal form.
t=Time is the duration of the deposit or loan, expressed in years.
Let us take as an example Aling Rosario, who deposited her savings
worth P10,000 in a bank with a simple interest scheme. The interest
rate per annum or per year is 7%. You can see from the table that the
interest grows by P700 each year the money remains in the bank.
Principal Rate Time Amount
P 10,000 7% 1 Year P700
P 10,000 7% 2 Year P1,400
P 10,000 7% 3 Year P2,100
P 10,000 7% 4 Year P2,800