BITS Pilani

Hyderabad Campus

AIR- STANDARD CYCLES AND

THEIR ANALYSIS
The Otto Cycle

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Otto Cycle

• Efficiency:

• Work Output:

• Mean Effective Pressure:

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Diesel Cycle

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The Diesel Cycle

• In this cycle air is compressed in the cylinder and the

fuel is then injected.
• Heat addition takes place at constant pressure.
• Thermal efficiency:

• Work output:

• Mean Effective pressure:

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 Problem on Otto Cycle
1. In an ideal Otto cycle, the compression ratio is 8. The initial
pressure and temperature of the air are 1 bar and 100°C. The
maximum pressure in the cycle is 50 bar. For 1kg of airflow,
calculate the values of the pressure, volume, and temperature at
the four salient points of the cycle. What is the ratio of heat
supplied to the heat rejected?
For air, R = 0.287 kJ/kg K , γ = 1.4

Given: r = 8; m = 1kg; P1 = 1 bar; T1 = 100ºC; P3 = 50 bar; R = 0.287 kJ/kg K;

To find: P, V, T at all points & ratio of heat supplied to the heat rejected

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Solution
Process 1-2: Process 2-3:
V1= mRT1/P1 V2= V3; ;
V1 = 1.0705 m3 T3= 2332.2 K
; =8;
P2= 18.622 bar;
V2= 0.1338 m3
;
T2= 856.9 K

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Process 3-4:
; (V2= V3); (V4= V1);

= 2.720 bar &

V4= 1.0705 m3

Process 4-1:
Heat Supplied
;
Qsupp = mCv(T3- T2)
T4= 1014.7 K =1057.90 kJ
Qrej = mCv(T4- T1)
= 460.09 kJ
Qsupp/ Qrej = 2.296

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Problem on Otto Cycle

2. In an Otto cycle unit mass of air at 15°C and 1.05 bar is

compressed adiabatically until the pressure is 13 bar. Heat is
added at constant volume until the pressure rises to 40 bar.
Calculate the air standard efficiency, the compression ratio and
the mean effective pressure for the cycle. Take Cv=0.718 kJ/kg
K, R=0.287 kJ/kg K

Given P1 =1.05 bar; T1 = 15ºC; P2 = 13 bar; P3 = 40 bar; R = 0.287 kJ/kg K;

Cv= 0.718 kJ/kg K

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Solution
Process 1-2:
V1= mRT1/P1

= 0.786 m3
;
= 6.03;
= 0.1304 m3
;
T2= 589.95 K

= 51.25 %

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Process 2-3:
(V2= V3); ;
T3= 1818 K
Heat Supplied
Qsupp = Cv(T3- T2)
= 880 kJ
Mean Effective pressure
=; = ;
= V1-V2
W = 450 kJ
= 0.6556
= 6.86x105 N/m2

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Problem on Diesel Cycle

3. An amount of a perfect gas has initial conditions of volume 1 ,

pressure 1 bar, and temperature 18°C. It undergoes ideal diesel
cycle operations, the pressure after isentropic compression being
50 bar and the volume after constant pressure expansion being
0.1
Calculate the temperatures at the major points of the cycle and
evaluate the thermal efficiency of cycle. Assume γ=1.4 for the
gas

Given V1= 1m3; P1=1bar; T1=18ºC; P2=50bar; V3= 0.1m3; γ=1.4

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Process 1-2: Process 2-3:

; ;

=16.35; T3=1455.8 K

r = 16.35;

=0.0611 m3

( )
γ−1
T2 P2 γ
=
T21=889.5
T P 1K

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Process 3-4:

(V1= V4);

( )
γ−1
T3 V1
=
T4 V3

T4=579.5 K

; rc= ; =1.4, r=16.35

=63.6%

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Thank You

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus