Acids, Bases, and Salts

Krishna Agrawal
10th B
• Introduction
• Acids -  An acid is defined as a substance whose water
solution tastes sour, turns blue litmus red, and neutralizes
bases.

• Bases - The most common characteristic of bases is their

bitter taste and soapy feel. A base is a substance that renders
hydroxyl ion(OH–) in their aqueous solution. Bases turn the
colour of red litmus paper to blue.

• Salts - Salt is an ionic compound that results from the

neutralization reaction of acids and bases.
• Classification of Acids ,Bases&
Salts
• Chemical Properties
• Physical Properties
 Chemical Properties
Acids , Bases and salts
Acids –
• It has a sour taste.
• It turns blue litmus to red.
• It turns methyl orange to red.
• Acids are electrolyte.
• Strong acids destroy fabric.
• Strong acids cause burn on skin
Bases –
• Bases change the colour of litmus from red to blue.
• They are bitter in taste.
• Bases lose their basicity when mixed with acids.
• Bases react with acids to form salt and water.
This process is called neutralisation reaction.
• They can conduct electricity.
• Bases feel slippery or soapy.
• Some bases are great conductors of electricity
Salts -
• Crystals or white crystalline powder.
• Transparent and colourless in crystalline form – rather like ice.
• Crystallises in the isometric system, usually in the form of cubes.
• Soluble in water (35.6g/100g at 0°C and 39.2g/100g at 100°).
• Slightly soluble in alcohol, but insoluble in concentrated
hydrochloric acid.
• Melts at 801°C and begins to vaporize at temperatures just
slightly above this boiling point 1,413°C.
• Hardness of 2.5 on the MOH scale of hardness.
• Specific gravity of 2.165.
• Non-combustible – low toxicity.
Uses –
Uses of Mineral Acids in Industry
• Sulphuric acid is used in the manufacture of
fertilisers, paints, chemicals, plastics, detergents, etc.
• Nitric acid is used in the manufacture of fertilisers,
explosives, dyes and plastics.
• Hydrochloric acid is used to remove oxide film from
steel objects as well as scale deposits from within
boilers. It’s also used in dyestuffs, textiles, food, and
leather.
Uses of Bases -
• The following are some of the most important applications of
bases:
• Sodium hydroxide is used in the production of soap, paper, and
rayon, a synthetic fibre.
• Calcium hydroxide (also known as slaked lime) is used in the
production of bleaching powder.
• Magnesium hydroxide is used as an antacid to neutralise excess
stomach acid and cure indigestion.
• Sodium carbonate is used to soften hard water and as a washing
soda.
• Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used in baking soda, baking
powders, as an antacid to treat indigestion, and in soda-acid fire
extinguishers.
Uses of Salts
• Common salt is used as a raw material for making a large number
of useful chemicals in the industry such as sodium hydroxide,
sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, hydrochloric
acid, chlorine, hydrogen and sodium metal.
• Common salt is used in cooking food.
• Common salt is used as a preservative in pickles, and in currying
meat and fish.
• Common salt is used in the manufacture of soap.
• Washing soda is a transparent crystalline solid.
• Sodium carbonate is used in the manufacture of sodium
compounds such as borax.
• Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used as an antacid in medicine to
remove the acidity of the stomach.
Thank You