7th Grade

COMPOUNDS
 Compounds
A compound is a pure substance that is formed by
chemical reactions of two or more different atoms in
definite proportions.
Compounds can be classified
into three groups: Acids,
Bases, and Salt.
 ACIDS
• The word acid comes from the Latin word acere which
means sour. Acids are sour to taste.

●Properties of Acids 
• Tastes Sour
• Conduct Electricity
• Corrosive (which means they break down certain
substances)
• Some acids react strongly with metals 
• Turns blue litmus paper red
 Uses of Acids
1. Acetic Acid – vinegar
2. Citric Acid – lemons, limes, &
oranges
3. Ascorbic acid – Vitamin C
4. Sulfuric acid- production of
fertilizers, steel, paints, and plastics
5. Phosphoric acid- key ingredient of
softdrinks
 BASES
• Base is a corrosive substance that
will damage or destroy other
substances with which it comes into
contact by means of a chemical
reaction. The other word for a base
is alkali. And bases are substances
that can accept hydrogen ions.
 Properties of Base
• Slippery
• Taste Bitter
• Corrosive
• Conduct Electricity
• Dry mixes used in painting
• Magnesium hydroxide, also known as milk
of magnesia, is commonly used as a
laxative.
• Ammonium hydroxide is a very important
reagent used in laboratories.
• Turns blue litmus paper red.
 Uses of Base
• Bases give soaps, ammonia, and many other
cleaning products some of their useful properties.

• The OH- ions interact strongly with certain

substances, such as dirt and grease. 

• Chalk and oven cleaner are examples of familiar

products that contain bases.Dry mixes used in
painting.

• Your blood is a basic solution.

 Neutral Substance 
• These substances do not display any acidic or
basic characteristics.

• Their pH values are approximately 7.

• Neutral substances have no effect on red or

blue litmus paper.

• The pH of pure water is exactly 7.

 pH Scale
• pH stands for “potential hydrogen”
and measures how many H+ ions
are there in a solution.

• pH < 7 indicates an acidic solution

• pH = 7 indicates a neutral solution
• pH > 7 indicates a basic solution
 Salt
• Salts are formed by the combination of
acid and base through the
neutralization reaction.
 Physical properties of Salt
1. In nature, the bulk of the salts are crystalline.

2. Salt solutions, in their molten state, also transmit

electricity.

3. The flavour of salt can be salty, sour, sweet, bitter,

or umami (savoury).

4. Electrostatic attraction holds the ions together, and

a chemical bond is established between them.
 PROPERTY ACIDS BASES SALTS

EXAMPLES HCl, H2SO4, Citric NaOH, CaO, NaCl, CaCO3

Acid NH4OH
TASTE Sour Bitter Usually salt
NEUTRALIZATION Neutralizes bases Neutralizes acids Formed on
neutralization
IDENTIFICATION Contain replaceable Metal oxides, metal cation (not H+) and
hydrogen hydroxides, and anion (not O2- or
ammonium OH-)
hydroxide
SOLUBILITY IN Soluble Few bases are Two types: soluble &
WATER soluble (alkalis) insoluble

INDICATOR TESTS Blue litmus paper Red litmus paper Colourless

turns red turns blue