Acids,Bases and Salts

TABLE OF 01
Vocabulary
CONTENTS
02
PROPERTIES OF ACIDS/BASES

03
REACTIONS OF ACIDS/BASES

04
Preparing salts
 Acid: A substance that can release H+ ions.
Bases: A substance which release OH- ions.

Vocabulary
Salts: Any substance produced after a neutralisation reaction.
Alkalis: A base which is soluble in water.
Oxides: a chemical substance that contains at least one O atom
and one other chemical substance in its formula.
Reagent: A substance that is added to another substance and
produces a chemical reaction, it is consumed in a chemical
reaction.
Aqueous solution: Is a solution whose solvent is water. .
The PH scale:
 Ph scale VS. Universal indicators.

The major difference between the pH paper and universal

indicator is the pH paper gives the exact pH of the substance,
whereas the universal indicator used to find out the..?
PROPERTIES OF ACIDS:
● Acids have pH values of below 7, have a
sour taste and are corrosive
● In acidic conditions blue litmus paper turns
red and methyl orange indicator turns red
● Acids are substances that can neutralise a
base, forming a salt and water
● When acids react, they will lose electrons to
form positively charged hydrogen ions (H+)
● The presence of H+ ions is what makes a
solution acidic
sodium hydroxide= soap
PROPERTIES OF Bases:
● Bases have pH values of above 7
● A base which is water-soluble is referred to as
an alkali
● In basic (alkaline) conditions red litmus paper
turns blue and methyl orange indicator turns
yellow
● Bases are substances which can neutralise an
acid, forming a salt and water
● Bases are usually oxides or hydroxides of
metals
● When alkalis react, they gain electrons to form
negative hydroxide ions (OH–)
● The presence of the OH– ions is what makes
the aqueous solution an alkali
 Acids and Metals. Acids and Bases (alkaline)
● Metal oxides and metal hydroxides can act as
● Only metals above hydrogen in the reactivity
bases
series will react with dilute acids.
● When they react with acid, a neutralisation
reaction occurs

Acid + Metal = Salt + Hydrogen Acid + Bases = Salt + Water

REACTIONS OF ACIDS ●
Acids and Metal Carbonate
Acids will react with metal carbonates to form

AND BASES
the corresponding metal salt, carbon dioxide
and water

Acid + Metal Carbonates = Salt + Carbon

Dioxide + Water
Manufacturing of acids Manufacturing of bases.
. Non-metal oxide+water=acid . Metal+Oxygen=metallic oxide (base)

.Hydrogen+halogen=acid . Metal+water=base or alkali+hydrogen

.Metallic salt+concsulphuri acid=salt+ .Few metallic oxides+water=Alkali

more volatile acid
.Ammonia+water=ammonium hydroxide
Acidic Oxides Basic Oxides:
● Basic oxides are formed when a metal element
● Acidic oxides are formed when a nonmetal
combines with oxygen
element combines with oxygen
● They react with acids to form a salt and water
● They react with bases to form a salt and water
● When dissolved in water they produce a basic
● When dissolved in water they produce an acidic
solution with a high pH
solution with a low pH
● Common examples include NaOH, KOH and
● Common examples include SO2 and SiO2
Ca(OH)2

Acidic oxides+base=salt+water Basic oxides+Acid=salt+water

Experiments:
Alt. to practical
Reacting metals with acids:
metal+acid=hydrogen gas=salt

Add HCL and Magnesium to a test tube, place thumb over top of the test tube then light a
splint and hold it over the reaction, if hydrogen gas is present there will be a popping
sound.
HCL+MAGNESIUM= HYDROGEN GAS+MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE

HCL+Mg=H2+MgCl Alt. to practical

 Metal oxides with
acids

Heat water on a bunsen burner, when boiling turn off bunsen

burner and add sulfuric acid and some copper oxide. keep adding
copper oxide until it is no longer disappearing and filter the
content of the tube. place the filtered substance over a bunsen
burner and let evaporate until ⅓ of the original volume is left.
leave the liquid to cool and crystals will form.
Reacting Carbonates with Acids.
Add HCL to a test tube and add lime water to another test tube
so its half full.. connect the two test tubes with a delivery tube
the delivery end in the lime water. add some sodium carbonate
to the test tube containing HCL, immediately for the delivery tube
to the test tube to bubble gas through the limewater.. a white
precipitate was formed as the result in the lime water this
precipitate is called. carbon dioxide.
 The End
Thank you for listening….