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AP Physics 1 - CH 5 Work and Energy
AP Physics 1 - CH 5 Work and Energy
AP Physics 1
There are many different TYPES of
Energy.
Energy is expressed
in JOULES (J)
4.19 J = 1 calorie
Energy can be
expressed more
specifically by using
the term WORK(W)
W = Fx
Area = Base x Height
Work The VERTICAL component of the force DOES NOT
cause the block to move the right. The energy imparted
to the box is evident by its motion to the right. Therefore
ONLY the HORIZONTAL COMPONENT of the force
actually creates energy or WORK.
" The net WORK done on an object is equal to the change in kinetic
energy of the object."
Example W=Fxcos
A 70 kg base-runner begins to slide into second base when moving
at a speed of 4.0 m/s. The coefficient of kinetic friction between
his clothes and the earth is 0.70. He slides so that his speed is
zero just as he reaches the base (a) How much energy is lost
due to friction acting on the runner? (b) How far does he slide?
a ) W f K F f Fn mg
W f 0 1 mvo2 1 (70)(4) 2 (0.70)(70)(9.8)
2 2
W f -560 J
= 480.2 N
W f F f x cos
560 (480.2) x(cos180)
x 1.17 m
Example
A 5.00 g bullet moving at 600 m/s penetrates a tree trunk to a depth of
4.00 cm. (a) Use the work-energy theorem, to determine the average
frictional force that stops the bullet.(b) Assuming that the frictional
force is constant, determine how much time elapses between the
moment the bullet enters the tree and the moment it stops moving
W K W f Ff x cos
W 0 1 (0.005)(600) 2 900 Ff 0.04
2
W friction -900 J Ff 22,500 N
Ff FNET ma 22,500 (0.005)a
a 4.5x106 m/s/s
When you lift an object above the ground it is said to have POTENTIAL ENERGY
Suppose you throw a ball upward
W K U
What does work while it is
flying through the air?
GRAVITY K U
Is the CHANGE in kinetic ( K K o ) U U o
energy POSITIVE or
NEGATIVE?
K Ko U U o
NEGATIVE U o Ko U K
Is the CHANGE in potential EnergyBEFORE Energy AFTER
energy POSITIVE or
NEGATIVE?
Note KE = K, PE = U; these symbols are
POSITIVE used interchangeably.
ENERGY IS CONSERVED
Am I moving? If yes,
Am I moving? If yes,
KEo
KE
K 1 mv 2 1 (60)(8) 2
2 2
K 1920 J
Position m v U K ME
(= U+K)
KO =U+K
1920 =
(60)(9.8)(1) + (.5)(60)v2
1920= 588 + 30v2
1332= 30v2
44.4 = v2
v = 6.66 m/s
Position m v U K ME
1 60 kg 8 m/s 0J 1920 J 1920 J
2 60 kg 6.66 m/s 588 J 1332 J 1920 J
Energy consistently changes forms
Am I moving at the top? No, v = 0 m/s
EB = EA
Using position 1
Ko = U
1920 = mgh
1920 =(60)(9.8)h
h = 3.27 m
Position m v U K ME
EB = EA
UO = K
mgho = 1/2mv2
gho = 1/2v2
2(1.83) = v2
1.94 m/s = v
Springs – Hooke’s Law
Fs kx Fs kx
50 k (0.05) Fs (1000)(0.11)
Fs 110 N
k 1000 N/m
Hooke’s Law from a Graphical Point of View
Suppose we had the following data: Fs kx
x(m) Force(N) Fs
k
0 0 x
0.1 12 k Slope of a F vs. x graph
0.2 24 Force vs. Displacement y = 120x + 1E-14
R2 = 1
0.3 36 80
70
0.4 48 60
0.5 60
Force(Newtons)
50
0.6 72
40
k =120 N/m
30
20
10
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
Displacement(Meters)
We have seen F vs. x Before!!!!
Force vs. Displacement y = 120x + 1E-14 Work or ENERGY = Fx
R2 = 1
80
70
Since WORK or ENERGY
is the AREA, we must get
60
some type of energy when
Force(Newtons)
50
we compress or elongate
40 the spring. This energy is
30 the AREA under the line!
20 Area = ELASTIC
10 POTENTIAL ENERGY
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
Displacement(Meters)
NOTE: Keep in mind that this can be applied to WORK or can be conserved
with any other type of energy.
Conservation of Energy in Springs
Example
A slingshot consists of a light leather cup, containing a stone, that
is pulled back against 2 rubber bands. It takes a force of 30 N to
stretch the bands 1.0 cm (a) What is the potential energy stored
in the bands when a 50.0 g stone is placed in the cup and pulled
back 0.20 m from the equilibrium position? (b) With what speed
does it leave the slingshot?
a ) Fs kx 30 k (0.01) k 3000 N/m
c) EB E A U s K
U s 1 mv 2 1 (0.050)v 2
2 2
v 109.54 m/s
Power
One useful application of Energy
is to determine the RATE at
which we store or use it. We
call this application POWER!