ELC121:

INTEGRATED
LANGUAGE
SKILLS 1

WEEK 3 :
SPEAKING
CONTRIBUTE &
EXPRESS IDEAS
ORALLY IN GIVEN
SITUATIONS
Let’s start with the first set of slides
1 Introduce a Topic
INTRODUCE A topic can be introduced by using various forms as
A TOPIC
follows:

Examples
To introduce this topic/issue,…… 4
My/Our purpose today is…
Let us look at some of the causes of this problem.
So, what solutions are there to this problem/crisis?
Let us resolve this issue together by…

Adapted from Integrated Language Skills Listening

INTRODUCE When we introduce a topic in conversation, we use various
A TOPIC
speaking strategies to provide specific information.

To announce
To inform To explain
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Speaking Strategies

To ask/enquire To instruct
To describe

Adapted from Integrated Language Skills Listening

 Example
INTRODUCE To inform : Our new lecturer is…
A TOPIC
To explain : My mum was annoyed because…

To describe : Ifti is a hardworking student.

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To announce : Lunch will be ready in 5 minutes.

To instruct : Please speak loudly and clearly.

To ask/enquire : How did it happen?

Adapted from Integrated Language Skills Listening
 Using Transitional
Markers & Linkers to
2 Develop and Organise
Ideas
 USE OF There are four functions of transitional markers and linking devices in
TRANSITIONA conversations. These functions enable you to develop and organize
L LINKERS your ideas.

FUNCTION TRANSITIONAL MARKERS & LINKING

DEVICES
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1. To signal a main point Firstly,…
To begin with,…
Next, let us look at…
We should also consider…

Adapted from Integrated Language Skills Listening

 USE OF There are four functions of transitional markers and linking devices in
TRANSITIONA conversations. These functions enable you to develop and organize
L LINKERS your ideas.

FUNCTION TRANSITIONAL MARKERS & LINKING

DEVICES
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2. To signal a On the other hand,…
contrasting idea However,…
But…
In contrast…

Adapted from Integrated Language Skills Listening

 USE OF There are four functions of transitional markers and linking devices in
TRANSITIONA conversations. These functions enable you to develop and organize
L LINKERS your ideas.

FUNCTION TRANSITIONAL MARKERS & LINKING

DEVICES
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3. To signal a conclusion Therefore,…
drawn Thus,…
Hence,…
In conclusion,…
In short,…
In sum,…

Adapted from Integrated Language Skills Listening

 USE OF There are four functions of transitional markers and linking devices in
TRANSITIONA conversations. These functions enable you to develop and organize
L LINKERS your ideas.

FUNCTION TRANSITIONAL MARKERS & LINKING

DEVICES
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4. To signal an internal In summary, what I have
summary said/argued/described/shown/proven
is…..
The points discussed seem to be the
major problems facing…
Let us review what has been said so
far.

Adapted from Integrated Language Skills Listening

 State and support
3 opinion with relevant
facts and examples
 USE OF
RELEVANT We state and justify opinions by :
FACTS AND
EXAMPLE
1. Using logical reasons → e.g. In my opinion…
2. Using explanations → e.g. I think…; This is because…
3. Using factual information → e.g. I believe…; According to… 13

4. Using examples → e.g. For example,…; For instance…

Adapted from Integrated Language Skills Listening

 Using Appropriate
4 Closing Strategies
 USING Closing or ending a conversation also requires the right forms. We can
APPROPRIATE close the conversation by using these four strategies:
CLOSING
STRATEGIES STRATEGY FOR CLOSING EXAMPLE

1. Summarising the Let us go over the key points again…

main points Let us go over what has been said so
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far.
To sum up,…
In short,…
Briefly,…

Adapted from Integrated Language Skills Listening

 USING Closing or ending a conversation also requires the right forms. We can
APPROPRIATE close the conversation by using these four strategies:
CLOSING
STRATEGIES STRATEGY FOR CLOSING EXAMPLE

2. Concluding the In conclusion,…

discussion To conclude,…
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If there is no objection, I suggest that
we….
Our unanimous decision is that we
will…

Adapted from Integrated Language Skills Listening

 USING Closing or ending a conversation also requires the right forms. We can
APPROPRIATE close the conversation by using these four strategies:
CLOSING
STRATEGIES STRATEGY FOR CLOSING EXAMPLE

3. Bringing the meeting So, if there is nothing more to say, let

to an end us end now.
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Right, if you have nothing more to
add, we can stop here.

Adapted from Integrated Language Skills Listening

 USING Closing or ending a conversation also requires the right forms. We can
APPROPRIATE close the conversation by using these four strategies:
CLOSING
STRATEGIES STRATEGY FOR CLOSING EXAMPLE

4. Closing a discussion Thank you for listening.

Thank you for your
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ideas/contribution/participation.
I hope you have enjoyed the
discussion. Thank you.

Adapted from Integrated Language Skills Listening

 For more exercises, please

“
visit this website:
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https://learnenglish.britishco
uncil.org/skills/speaking
REFERENCE Naginder Kaur (2015). Integrated Language Skills
Listening. Oxford University Press.

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