WELL TESTING

SETP4313

RESERVOIR & WELL ASPECTS

(AN INTRODUCTION)
Azmi Mohd Arshad
Dr. Shaziera Omar
Department of Petroleum Engineering UTM
WEEK 10
NATURALLY FRACTURED
RESERVOIRS
 Description
• In a fractured reservoir a network of
fractures coexists with a network of
matrix.
• The two porous networks have very
different geometrical characteristics,
porosities, capacities and
permeabilities.
Model
 Analysis of Flows
• Three flow periods follow one another
when a fractured reservoir is put in
production:
– Flow from the fractures;
– A transition period when the matrix starts to
produce;
– Flow from both matrix and fractures.
Analysis of Flows…/2
Analysis of Flows…/3
TWO-LAYER RESERVOIRS
 Description
• Reservoirs are usually composed of a
superposition of layers with different
characteristics that may communicate in the
reservoir:
– Net thickness;
– Porosity;
– Saturation;
– Pore compressibility;
– Horizontal permeability;
– Vertical permeability
– Skin
Description…/2
 Testing A Two-Layer Reservoir
• Several methods can be considered in
testing a two-layer reservoir.
– testing both layers simultaneously
– testing each layer separately
– testing one layer then both together.
Testing Both Layers Simultaneously
Testing Each Layer Separately
Testing Each Layer Separately…/2
Testing One Layer Then Both Together
PARTIAL PENETRATION WELLS
 Description
• There is partial penetration whenever a well
producers through a thickness that is smaller than
the reservoir’s net thickness.
• Partial penetration may have been deliberate in
order to:
– Avoid production of undesirable fluids
– Produce through the zones which the best characteristics
• Testing a partial penetration is one of the best ways
of measuring the vertical permeability of the
reservoir.
 Description…/2

Avoid production of undesirable fluids.

 Description…/3

Produce through the zones with the best characteristics

Description…/4
Analysis of Flows
Analysis of Flows…/2
SLANTED WELLS
 Description
• Most wells go through the reservoir at an angle
relative to the normal to the dip.
• Three parameters exert an influence:
– The inclination of the well relative to the normal to the dip.
– Permeability anisotropy: Kv/Kh
– The ratio between the net thickness and the well radius:
h/rw
• Inclination improves flow in the vicinity of the
wellbore. This is seen by a negative skin of slant.
 Description

Slanted wells is the practice of drilling

non-vertical wells
Variation of Si vs. hD For Different q

Si = skin of slant
ARTIFICIALLY FRACTURED WELLS
 Description
• Artificial fractures are located in the vicinity of the
wellbore. They are caused by operations carried
out on the well.
• Fracturing can be intentional, it is the aim of
hydraulic fracturing operations.
• It can be accidently induced on injection wells or
on wells during acidizing when the injection
pressure is greater than the reservoir fracture
pressure.
Description…/2
Sequence of Flows Around the Fracture
 Parameters Required to Describe a Type Curve

• The formation permeability, k

• The fracture half-length, xf
• The wellbore storage, C
• The fractures relative Conductivity, Cr
• The skin around the fracture, S
Analysis of Flows
HORIZONTAL WELLS
 Description

The well with a radius, rw, goes horizontally through the infinite
reservoir over a length L. Reservoir thickness is h and it is bounded by
impermeable shoulder beds. The well is located at a distance, zw, from
the bottom wall of the reservoir.
The Flows Around A Horizontal Well
Analysis of Flows
Analysis of Flows…/2
Analysis of Flows…/3
INJECTION WELLS
 Description
• Injecting a fluid into a homogeneous
reservoir determines two zones around the
well with different characteristics.
• Injection determines two concentric zones:
– The injection zone near the well (injection fluid
properties).
– The zone farther from the well (oil properties).
Description…/2
 Objectives of Injection Well
• Five parameters can be determined:
– The wellbore storage, C;
– The permeability in the injection zone, kw;
– The permeability in the oil zone, ko;
– The well skin, S;
– The injection radius, ri.
Analysis of Flows
 Example 16

(In-class workshop)
- Software Applications for Reservoir
& Well Aspects -
 References
1. Bourdarot, Gilles : Well Testing: Interpretation
Methods, Éditions Technip, 1998.
2. Internet.