GROUP 2

From Ben Tre Senior High

School
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Tên
Thanh Thảo Quỳnh Trâm
Nhựt Minh
Thảo Khuyên Đan Thư Thảo Vy
Thảo Khuyên Đan Thư
Thanh Thảo Đình Trí Quỳnh Trâm Hoàng Khánh
VOCABULARY
• Ionization of gases
• The process of ionization
• Ionizing agents
• Gas flame
• Gas light
• Ultraviolet ray(s)
• Mercury light
• Molecule
• Neutral molecules
THANH THẢO
/ˌaɪənaɪˈzeɪʃn əv ɡæs/ Sự ion hóa chất khí
/ðə 'prəʊses ʌv ˌaɪənəˈzeɪʃn/ Quá trình ion hóa
/ˈaɪənaɪzing ˈeɪdʒənt/ Tác nhân ion hóa
/ ɡæs fleɪm/ Ngọn lửa gas
/ ɡæs laɪt/ Đèn gas
/ˌʌltrəˈvaɪələt reɪ/ Tia tử ngoại
/ˈmɜːrkjəri laɪt/ Đèn thủy ngân
/ˈmɑːlɪkjuːl/ Phân tử
/ˈnuːtrəl ˈmɑːlɪkjuːl/ Phân tử trung hòa
VOCABULARY
• Negative ion(s) /ˈneɡətɪv ˈaɪɑːn / Ion âm
• Positive ion(s) /ˈpɒzətɪv ˈaɪɑːn/ Ion dương
• Charged particle(s) /tʃɑːrdʒd ˈpɑːrtɪkl/ Hạt tích điện
= Charged carries /tʃɑːrdʒd ˈkæri/
• Circuit /ˈsɜːrkɪt/ Mạch điện
• Sensitive electrometer /ˈsensətɪv ˌɪlekˈtrɑːmɪtər/ Điện kế nhạy
• Current /ˈkʌrənt/ Dòng điện
• The directional motion flow /ðə daɪˈrekʃənl ˈməʊʃn Dòng chuyển dời có hướng
fləʊ/

THANH THẢO
VOCABULARY
• Electric field  /i,lektrik' fi:ld/ Điện trường
• External electric field /ɪkˈstɜːrn i,lektrik'fi:ld/ Điện trường ngoài
• Electrode(s) /ɪˈlektrəʊd/ Điện cực
• Nonconductive /nɒnkənˈdʌktɪv/ Không dẫn điện
• Conduct /kən'tdʌkt/ Dẫn (nhiệt, điện,...)
• The process of not-self /ðə 'prəʊses ʌv nɑːt-self Quá trình dẫn điện
electrical conduction ɪˈlektrɪkl kənˈdʌkʃn/ không tự lực
• Plate(s) /pleɪt/ Bản cực
• Voltage /ˈvəʊltɪdʒ/ Hiệu điện thế

THANH THẢO
VOCABULARY
• Segment /ˈseɡmənt/ Giai đoạn
• Saturated /ˈsætʃəreɪtɪd/ Bão hòa
• Resistance /rɪˈzɪstəns/ Điện trở
• Density /ˈdensəti/ Mật độ
• The phenomenon of /ðə fəˈnɑːmɪnən ʌv Hiện tượng nhân
multiplication of ˌmʌltɪplɪˈkeɪʃn ʌv số hạt tải điện
charged particles tʃɑːrdʒd ˈpɑːrtɪkl/
• Generate /ˈdʒenəreɪt/ Tạo ra, phát ra
• The kinetic energy /ðə kaɪˈnetɪkˈenərdʒi / Động năng

THANH THẢO
VOCABULARY
• Cascade /kæˈskeɪd/ Đổ như thác
• Cascading style /kæˈskeɪding staɪl/ Kiểu thác lũ
• Avalanche /ˈævəlæntʃ/ Tuyết lở
• Anode /ˈænəʊd/ Cực dương
• Initial electron /ɪˈnɪʃl ɪˈlektrɑːn / Electron ban đầu
• Statement  /ˈsteɪt.mənt/ Tuyên bố
• Amperage /ˈæmpərɪdʒ/ Cường độ dòng điện
• Proportional to /prəˈpɔːrʃənl/ Tỉ lệ thuận với
• Obey /ə(ʊ)ˈbeɪ/ Tuân theo
• Discharge /dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/ Phóng điện

THANH THẢO
III. THE NATURE OF CURRENT IN GASES
1.The ionization of gases and ionizing agents
2.The process of not-self eclectrical conducation of gases
3. The phenomenon of multiplication of charged particles in gas in the
process of not-self electrical conduction
III. THE NATURE OF CURRENT IN GASES
1. The ionization of gases and ionizing agents
a. The ionization of gases
-Under normal conditions the gas does not conduct electricity, it is a dielectric (no free carriers).

-Gases only conduct electricity when there is an ionizing agent, then the gas is ionized (gas
molecules lose electrons to become positive ions, free electrons can combine with neutral gas
molecules to become negative ions).
-When there is no electric field, the charge carriers in the gas (positive ions, negative ions,
electrons) have chaotic thermal motion.

Quỳnh Trâm
The process of recombination between electrons and ions, to become electrically neutral
gas molecules in the absence of an ionizing agent.

+ -
+
+ +
- + -

+
+
+ -
Quỳnh Trâm
When there is no electric field acting on the air:

- +
+ -
+
+
-

Quỳnh Trâm
-When an electric field is applied, under the action of electric force the charge carriers move in the
direction of forming an electric current in the gas.

*The nature of current in gases:

The current in gases is the directional motion flow of displacement of positive ions in the direction of
the electric field and negative ions, electrons in the opposite direction of the electric field. These
charged particles are made by the ionized gases.

Quỳnh Trâm
 When there is an external electric field:

+ E-
- +
+ -
I+ -
- +
- +
+ -

When there is an external electric field, ions (+) move in the same direction E and ions (-),
electrons move in the opposite direction E. Quỳnh Trâm
b. Ionizing agent
• The gas flame at a very high temperature, the ultraviolet rays of
the mercury lamp in the above experiment are called ionizing
agents, thanks to their high energy, they ionize the gas, separating
the neutral gas molecules into ions. Positive and free electrons.
Free electrons can combine with neutral gas molecules to form
negative ions. These charged particles are the charge carriers in the
gas.
• Charge carriers in gases include positive ions, negative ions and
electrons
Thảo Khuyên
 Current in a gas is a directional flow of positive ions in the
direction of the electric field and negative ions and electrons in the
opposite direction of the electric field. These charge carriers are
produced by an ionized gas.

When the ionizing agent is lost, the positive ions, negative

ions, and electrons exchange charges with each other or
with the electrode to become neutral gas molecules, so the
gas becomes non-conductive.

Thảo Khuyên
At first the gas consists of neutral
molecules
Thảo Khuyên
Ultraviolet rays cause molecules to turn
into positive ions and electrons
Thảo Khuyên
Electrons combine with neutral
molecules to form negative ions

Thảo Khuyên
III.The nature of current in gases.
2. The process of not-self electrical conduction of gases.
• The process of electrical conduction of gases we have just
described is called the process of not-self electrical
conduction(discharge). It only exists when we create charged
particles in the block of gases between two plates and it loses
when we stop creating charged particles.
• Changing the voltage U between two plates and writing the
electric current I through the gas, we see that the process of not-
self electrical conduction does not follow Ohm’s law.
• The graph expressing the dependence of the current I flowing
through the gases during no-self discharge, under the voltage U
between two electrodes are drawn in these graph below:
Hoàng Khánh
III. THE NATURE OF CURRENT IN THE GASES 
2. The process of not-self electrical conduction of gases 
Dependency graph of I and U 

Chart 1 Does not follow Ohm's law Follow Ohm's law Chart 2

Nhật Minh
III. THE NATURE OF CURRENT IN THE GASES 
2. The process of not-self electrical conduction of gases 
Dependency graph of I and U 

Amperage I increase
Segment Oa
Voltage U increase

Chart 1 Does not follow Ohm's law

Nhật Minh
III. THE NATURE OF CURRENT IN THE GASES 
2. The process of not-self electrical conduction of gases 
Dependency graph of I and U 

Amperage I No increase

I saturation
Segment ab

Voltage U increase

Chart 1 Does not follow Ohm's law
Nhật Minh
III. THE NATURE OF CURRENT IN THE GASES 
2. The process of not-self electrical conduction of gases 
Dependency graph of I and U 

Amperage I Sudden increase

Segment bc

Voltage U Sudden increase

An increase in the voltage causes the

Demonstrate gas resistance to decrease and the
carrier density to increase

Chart 1 Does not follow Ohm's law
Nhật Minh
 3. The phenomenon of multiplication of charged particles in gas
in the process of not-self electrical conduction
• The first charged particles in gases are electrons
and positive ions which generated by ionising
agents.

• The size of an electron is smaller than one of the

positive ion, so it can travel a longer distance
than a positive ion before it hits against of gas
molecule.

• The energy that the electron receives from the

external electric field in the distance of free flight
is greater than the energy that the ion receives
Đan Thư
about 5:6 times.
 3. The phenomenon of multiplication of charged particles in gas
in the process of not-self electrical conduction

• When the electron field is large enough, the kinetic energy large
enough, so that when the electron hits against a neutral
molecule, the electron is ionized, turning it into free electron
and positive ion.

• The process takes place in cascading style (avalanche), making

the density of charge particles increase strongly until the
electron reaches the anode.

Đan Thư
 3. The phenomenon of multiplication of charged particles in gas
in the process of not-self electrical conduction

Đan Thư
3. The phenomenon of multiplication of charged particles in gas in the process
of not-self electrical conduction

• The gas becomes more conductive and the current flowing through the
gas increases.

• The electric current increases but it still depends on the number of

charged particles that the ionizing agent from the outside generate in the
gas.

Đan Thư
Game
 MINI GAME
The currents in gases is the directional motion flow of displacement of ……..…
………. in the direction of the electric field and negative ions, electrons in the
opposite direction of the electric field. These charged particles are made by
the ........ …….......
The process of not-self electrical conduction (discharge) only exists when we
create ……………………. in the block of gas between 2 plates.

The phenomenon of increase in density of charged particles in gas, which is

caused by the current, is called the phenomenon of …………………. of charged
particles.

charged particles ionized gases positive ions

multiplication

Tạ Võ Đình Trí
 Bắt đầu

N.Thảo Vy
 Trò chơi gồm 4 câu hỏi trắc nghiệm
Ở mỗi câu hỏi, các bạn sẽ có thời gian 10 giây
để đưa ra đáp án.
Để trả lời, bạn sẽ giơ thẻ màu tương ứng với
màu đáp án:

Xanh Xanh
Cam dương lá Đỏ
Các bạn có thời gian 1 phút để chuẩn bị các thẻ màu nhé!

N.Thảo Vy
 Question 1: The nature of the current in a gas is:

The current shifts in the direction of the

positive ions in the direction of the electric The directional flow of electrons is in the
field and the negative ions and electrons in opposite direction of the electric field
the opposite direction of the electric field.

The current shifts in the direction of the  The current moves in the direction of the
positive ions in the direction of the electric positive ions in the direction of the electric
field and the negative ions in the opposite field and the electrons in the opposite
direction of the electric field. direction of the electric field.
N.Thảo Vy
 Question 2: Which of the following statements is true?

The electrically charged The basic electrical load

particle in the gas has only particles ingases are
positive ions and negative ions. electrons,positive iodine and
negative iodine

The amperage in a gas at

The current in a gas obeys
normal pressure is directly
the law of Hug.
proportional to the voltage
N.Thảo Vy
 Question 3: When the discharge is not self-
reliant, the current in the gas:

obey the law of obeys the law of Hugging

Embrace when the . 

obeys the law of U

disobeying the law of
when the voltage U is
Embrace
small
N.Thảo Vy
 Question 4 The cause of the appearance of
electrical load particles in the gas in the condition
is usually

Electrons break out of

Ionization due to collision
gas molecules

There is no need for a

Ionization by agents
cause because it is introduced into gases
already there.
N.Thảo Vy
 Cảm ơn các bạn
đã chọn vòng cổ
cho tớ!
N.Thảo Vy