LEARNING OUTCOMES

By the end of this chapter, you should be able to:

1.Determine the concept of centroid and moment of

inertia.
2.Calculate moment of inertia for selected
conditions.
INTRODUCTION
Engineering application:
It is a need to identify centroid to
properly balance structure with
minimum stress.
 CENTROID OF COMPOSITE BODY

Example: Triangle Example: Square Example: Circle

Example 1: Find the centroid of composite body at axis
AB
2”

6”
2” 2”

2”

A B

Divide into 2 bodies

2

1
Solution:
Step 1: Divide into 2 bodies Step 3: Then, calculate centroid

2” ȳ = ∑YiAi
∑Ai
2 6”
4” 4”
= (20 + 60) in3 = 2.5 in
(20 + 12) in2
2” 1

Answer:
A B Centroid at axis AB (ȳ ) is 2.5 in

Step 2: Calculate area each bodies

BODIES Ai Yi YiAi
(Area) (centroid at y-axis)
1 (4+2+4) x 2 = 20 in 1 in 20 in3
2

2 2 x 6 = 12 in 2 5 in 60 in 3

Total 32 in2 80 in3

Example 2: Find the centroid of composite body at y axis
9”

3”
3”

3”
6”

Divide into 2 bodies 2

1
Solution:
Step 1: Divide into 2 bodies Step 3: Then, calculate centroid

9” ȳ = ∑YiAi
∑Ai
3” 2 6”

3” 3” = 243 in3 = 5.4 in

45 in2
6” 1

Answer:
A B Centroid at ȳ is 2.5 in

Step 2: Calculate area each bodies

BODIES Ai Yi YiAi
(Area) (centroid at y-axis)
1 3 x 6 = 18 in 2 3 in 54 in3

2 9 x 3 = 27 in 2 7 in 189 in 3

Total 45 in2 243 in3

 Example 3: Find the centroid of composite body at axis AB

120 mm

30 mm

180 mm

40 mm
A
30 mm

A B
Divide into how many bodies?
 Example 3: Find the centroid of composite body at axis AB

120 mm

30 mm

180 mm

40 mm
A
30 mm

A B
Divide intro 2 bodies

1- big rectangle (orange colour)

2 – small rectangle (texture)
Solution:
Step 1: Divide into 2 bodies (2 rectangle) Step 3: Then, calculate centroid
120 mm
ȳ = ∑YiAi
30 mm ∑Ai

1
= 1080000 mm3 = 90 mm
180 mm 2 12000 mm2

40 mm
Answer:
30 mm
Centroid at ȳ is 90 mm
A B
Step 2: Calculate area each bodies
BODIES Ai (Area) Yi (centroid at y-axis) YiAi

1 120 x 180 = 21600 mm 2 90 mm 194000 mm3

2 120 x 80 = -9600 mm 2 30 + (120/2) = 90 mm -864000 mm 3

Total 12000 mm2 1080000 mm3

 Exercise 1: Find the centroid of composite body.

y 180 mm

450 mm

40 mm
60 mm

A 90 mm

Divide into how many bodies?

 Solution:
Step 1: Divide into 2 bodies (2 rectangle)

y 180 mm
Step 3: Then, calculate centroid

ȳ = ∑YiAi
∑Ai

450 mm 1
= 9274500 mm3 = 202.1 mm
45900 mm2
40 mm
2 60 mm
Answer:
90 mm Centroid at ȳ is 202.1 mm
Step 2: Calculate area each bodies
BODIES Ai (Area) Yi (centroid at y-axis) YiAi

1 90 x 450 = 40500 mm 2 450/2 = 225 mm 9112500 mm3

2 90 x 60 = 5400 mm 2 60/2 = 30 mm 162000 mm 3
Total 45900 mm2 9274500 mm3
 Solution:
Step 1: Divide into 2 bodies (2 rectangle)

y 180 mm
Step 3: Then, calculate centroid

ȳ = ∑XiAi
∑Ai

450 mm 1
= 2551500 mm3 = 55.6 mm
45900 mm2
40 mm
2 60 mm
Answer:
90 mm Centroid at ȳ is 202.1 mm
Step 2: Calculate area each bodies
BODIES Ai (Area) xi (centroid at y-axis) XiAi

1 90 x 450 = 40500 mm 2 90/2 = 45 mm 1822500 mm3

2 90 x 60 = 5400 mm 2 90 + 90/2 = 135 mm 729000 mm 3
Total 45900 mm2 2551500 mm3
 180 mm

450 mm Centroid of composite body:

(55.6, 202.1)
40 mm
60 mm

A 90 mm B
 Exercise 2: Find the centroid of composite body.
y
90 mm

450 mm

40 mm
60 mm

180 mm

Divide into how many bodies?