Menstrual Cycle 07/02/23

Explain how a sperm cell is Describe continuous variation, and

adapted to its function give an example

LAST LESSON LAST WEEK

Describe the role of bone marrow Describe what the reactivity series
in the body is

LAST YEAR LAST TOPIC

Challenge: Identify the type of graph you would draw for continuous
and discontinuous variation
Menstrual Cycle

07/02/23
 Define fertilisation
Explain the events of the
menstrual cycle and how
the menstrual cycle links
with pregnancy
Identify key events on a
diagram of the menstrual
Fertilisation, cycle
Menstruation, Cycle,
Hormone, Oestrogen,
Explain why pregnancy is more
Progesterone, FSH, LH or less likely at certain stages of
the menstrual cycle
 Menstrual Cycle 07/02/23

List all the changes that occur in males and

females during puberty.
Female Male

Breast start to grow bigger Adams apple becomes bigger

Hips become rounded and
Voice may crack or break at
wider
Certain times
Pubic hair starts to appear
Shoulder becomes broader
Reproductive organs
develop Pubic hair, underarm and facial
Growth spurts at this age Hair start to appear
Girls may start having Reproductive organs develop
Menstrual flow
Growth spurts
 Menstrual Cycle 07/02/23

Fertilisation

What is fertilization?
• Consider what the image above is showing you
• Why is it important?
Fertilisation is when a sperm cell joins with an egg cell. It is important
because this is how reproduction occurs in most living things including
humans
 Menstrual Cycle 07/02/23

The menstrual cycle

• What changes?
• Why does it
change?
• What causes it
to change?
 Menstrual Cycle 07/02/23

The menstrual cycle is the

body’s way of preparing
for pregnancy.

It only happens in
females.

It is controlled by
chemicals called
hormones.
Several hormones are involved in
the menstrual cycle of a woman:

• follicle stimulating hormone

(FSH) causes the maturation of an
egg in the ovary.
• luteinising hormone
(LH) stimulates the release of the
egg.
• oestrogen is involved in repairing
and thickening the uterus lining
• Progesterone maintains the uterus
lining
 LH is secreted by the pituitary
gland. When its level reaches a
peak it stimulates the release of a
mature egg from the ovary -
ovulation
FSH is secreted by the
pituitary gland. It makes
eggs mature and The level of oestrogen
stimulates the ovary to rises. This inhibits the After the egg is released the level
produce oestrogen. production of more FSH of progesterone rise and
and stimulates the build up maintains the lining of the uterus
of the lining of the uterus - in preparation for the
proliferation implantation of the fertilised egg.

Uterus lining
breaks down -
menstruation

Lining of uterus Lining

builds up maintained
 4 hormones involved:
• FSH
• Oestrogen
The Menstrual Cycle
• LH
• Progesterone

The main events in the cycle are:

1) Menstruation – uterus lining breaks down, blood and cells are lost.
2) Proliferation – repair of the uterus lining.
3) Ovulation – release of an egg from the ovary – day 14

28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Cycle starts
again
 Menstrual Cycle 07/02/23

Label the key events on this menstrual cycle timeline State where in the
menstrual cycle pregnancy
is most likely to occur.
Justify your answer

Challenge: Apply
knowledge of the
menstrual cycle to
graphs showing the
hormones involved.
 Menstrual Cycle 07/02/23

Todays Describe the process of menstruation

Lesson

Last Recall the key components of the female reproductive

Lesson system

Last Last
Lesson Explain the importance of adaptations