RECAP!

Parts of the Reproductive System

 3D model of the female
reproductive system

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 Identify each part with the
correct labeled terms.

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FACT OR BLUFF

A woman can
get pregnant
any time of
the month.
FACT!
 FACT OR BLUFF

Your period must come every 28 days.

FACT!
 FACT OR BLUFF

Exercise is good for

women having their
period.
FACT!
FACT OR BLUFF

Your period stops

when you get in the
water
BLUFF!
FACT OR BLUFF
BLUFF!
FACT OR BLUFF
BLUFF!
The Menstrual
Cycle
UNIT III: Living Things & Their Environment
 At the end of the lesson, the students should be
able to:
1.describe the feedback mechanisms involved in
regulating process in the female reproductive system;
2.explain the roles of different hormones in the control
of the menstrual cycle; and
3.explain feedback mechanism and how it works in our
body.

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Menstruation

a sign that a girl is capable of producing offspring

 The Menstrual Cycle
Main organs involved:
• Fallopian tubes
• Ovaries
• Uterus
• Cervix
• Vagina

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 Functions

• Fallopian tube - transports the ova from the ovaries to the

uterus each month
• Ovaries - produce oocytes(eggs) for fertilization and
produce the reproductive hormones, estrogen and
progesterone.
• Uterus - nurtures the fertilized ovum that develops into the
fetus and holding it till the baby is mature.

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 Functions

• Cervix – allows flow of menstrual blood from the uterus

into the vagina
• Vagina - receives the penis during intercourse and also
serves as a canal for menstrual fluid and the exit of the
baby.

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 Menstrual Cycle Process
(overview)

• Menstruation: The period—

the shedding of the
uterine lining. Levels of
estrogen and
progesterone are low.

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 Menstrual Cycle Process
(overview)

• The follicular phase: The

time between the first day
of the period and
ovulation. Estrogen rises
as an egg prepares to be
released.
• The proliferative phase:
After the period, the
uterine lining builds back
up again.

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 Menstrual Cycle Process
(overview)
• Ovulation: The release of
the egg from the ovary,
mid-cycle. Estrogen peaks
just beforehand, and then
drops shortly afterwards.

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 Menstrual Cycle Process
(overview)
• Luteal phase or Secretory
Phase: If the mature egg is
fertilized, the body will
produce Human Chorionic
Gonadotropin (HCG) that
will help keep the uterine
lining thick for the
fertilized egg to develop
into an embryo.

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Hormones… again
Yes, they are involved in menstruation
 Hormones involved:

• Luteinizing Hormone (LH) - LH

stimulates estrogen and
progesterone production from
the ovary.

• Follicle-stimulating hormone
(FSH) - is produced by the
pituitary gland during the first
half of the menstrual cycle. It
stimulates development of the
maturing ovarian follicle and
controls ovum production in the
female
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 Hormones involved:
• Estrogen - develops female secondary sexual
characteristics. These includes breasts, endometrium,
regulation of the menstrual cycle etc.

• Progesterone - hormone secreted by the female

reproductive system that functions mainly to
regulate the condition of the inner lining
(endometrium) of the uterus.

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 Feedback mechanism in menstrual cycle
• FSH - stimulates the ovaries to release estrogen. High
levels of estrogen then prevent the further
production of FSH. (↑Estrogen, ↓FSH)
• Estrogen - stimulates the release of luteinizing
hormone (LH). Controls the production of
progesterone. High levels of progesterone inhibits
release of LH. (↑Progesterone, ↓LH)

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 Feedback mechanism in menstrual cycle
• GnRH - stimulates the pituitary gland to produce
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), the hormone
responsible for starting follicle (egg) development
• causes the level of estrogen, the primary female
hormone, to rise.

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 What if the body produced more FSH or LH?
• Think about it…

• Write your answers in the chat box

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 What if the body produced more FSH or LH?
• ↑FSH, ↓production of good quality eggs and
embryos for fertilization.
• A common reason for this is your age. As you age,
your fertility starts to decline and fewer eggs
mature in your ovaries. The quality of the eggs that
remain is lower than during earlier years

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 What if the body produced more FSH or LH?
• an abnormally high levels of LH
during nonovulatory times in Step 1
your menstrual cycle may mean Menstrual
Phase
you are in menopause.
• It may also mean that you have Step 4
Post
Step 2
Pre
a pituitary disorder or ovulatory
Phase
ovulatory
phase
“polycystic ovary syndrome”.
Step 3
Ovulation

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