BRAIN TEST

This system controls everything you do:

SNEORVU MTESSY
NERVOUS SYSTEM
 2

The nervous system is made up of these three parts:

A.) Brain, heart, and spinal cord

B.) Brain, spinal cord, and nerves
C.) Nerves, arteries, and veins
D.) Nerves, liver, and heart

B.) Brain, spinal cord, and nerves

 3

What is the biggest part of the brain?

A.) Brain Stem

B.) Think tank
C.) Cerebrum
D.) Cerebellum

C.) Cerebrum
 4

Which part of the brain helps keep your balance so you

don’t fall flat on your face?

A.) Cerebellum
B.) Medulla Oblangata
C.) Pituitary Gland
D.) Spinal Cord
A.) Cerebellum
 5

Which part of the brain keeps you

breathing?
A.) Breathe-o-meter
B.) Brain Stem
C.) Pituitary Gland
D.) Cerebellum
B.) Brain Stem
L6:
EVOLUTION
Sino Ba ang
Ferson?
1 2 3

SISFLOS MOCMON GNTEEIC

RTAITS SMIILATRIES

4
TISONDTRIBU5

FO GSMOOLHOUO
SSPECIE
1 2 3

CEVOOTI CNVEOREG
DVEIREGNT
ULN NT
4 5

ADPOTVEI
GARLISDUAM
RDIAAITON
 can be explained through

such as
can be explained through

which show
Evolution refers to the cumulative change
in a population of organisms over time
(1731-1802) proposes that
all warm-blooded animals
arose and differentiated
from a single form, and
anticipates the idea of
natural selection.
(1823-1913) independently
conceives the theory of
evolution by natural selection
and co-publishes with Darwin
on the subject.
(1744-1829) The first person to
challenged the old notion. He
proposed the idea that species
including human descend from
other species.
Theory of Acquired Characteristics
Mechanisms:
1. the physical desire of an animal
determine how the body will develop
2. changes organ size caused by use and
disuse can be inherited by the offspring.
Theory of Acquired Characteristics
Mid 18th-century
Mid 18th-century
5 year journey aboard HMS
Beagle (1831 – 1836)
 “On the Origin of Species by Means of
Natural Selection”
Individual members within a population of species have variations that could
be inherited by future generations, and the members within a population
have the capacity to produce more offspring than the environment’s capacity
to provide shelter, food, or space which lead to competition. He concluded
that some individuals whose hereditary characteristics favored them to cope
more efficiently in their local environment are more likely to survive and
produce offspring than individuals that do not possess those traits. Due to
this mechanism, certain inherited traits flourished, becoming more common
in a population across many generations. He called this mechanism
NATURAL SELECTION
“On the Origin of Species by Means of
Natural Selection”

“Survival of the Fittest”

 “LACK OF
SUPPORTING
EVIDENCE”
Fossils – remains of dead plants and
animals of long ago.
Most fossils remains are embedded
in sedimentary rocks
1) Scientist found out that certain
layers in the sedimentary rock
formation contains fossils that
lived for a periodical period.
2) They have also discovered the
transitional forms of organisms
from the previous and
succeeding layers.
Archaeopteryx
3) Older layers of rocks are embedded
with simple organisms and rocks nearer
the surface contain more complex
ones, which are very similar to our
present-day organisms.
Reveals how organisms evolved in their natural
environment. ( Galapagos island – Charles
Darwin)
Continental Drift Theory – continent move
along with the movement of the lithospheric
plates, as the continent move, species are
distributed in the process.
 Darwin = Modification theory was about the
inheritance of changes wherein anatomy of
living organisms resemble that of their extinct
relatives but with intermediate modifications.
In other words, although some structures present in todays organisms are
similar to those of their extinct relatives, they are not exactly the same.
Vestigial Structure – organs that are
rudimentary structures with no apparent us
at present but resemble useful structures in
ancestral relatives
Early stage in the development of humans and other animals or
plants. (8 weeks)
Based on the multiple extensive studies
conducted by molecular biologists in
different part of the world, the conclusion
of humans and chimps having 95% or 98%
DNA similarities depend on which
nucleotides are counted and excluded.
Regardless of the percentage difference,
there is no doubt as to how close man’s
evolutionary relationship is.
DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid) – is the blueprint of
life. It is the genetic material of all life forms and yet
it also responsible for showing variations among
organisms.
1)Divergent Evolution
2)Convergent Evolution
3)Adaptive Radiation
4)Coevolution
A pattern of evolution which occurs
when closely related species transfer to
a new habitat as a result of changing
lifestyles which in turn produce distinct
species
A group of distantly related lineages
tend to evolve similar structures as
adaptation to similar habitat or way of
life.
 Dolphin

Shark Tuna Penguin

Extinction is an occurrence in nature referring to the loss of an
entire species. This phenomenon is said to be common as the
environment where organism live constantly changes.
Extinction events that affected large portion of life forms (25% -
70% of all species) which occurred throughout Earth’s history are
called Mass Extinction.
Mass Extinction allow several population of a single species to
diverge into a variety of new species at the same time.

Post mass extinction convergence occurs when ancestral species

invade a new territory with no known competitors, allowing them
to exploit the resources of the environment and occupy a new
habitat (niche).
A pattern of evolution usually observed in predator-prey
relationship as well as those close interspecific interaction such as
mutualism and competition.
It is used to describe the case of two or more non-breeding species
affecting each other’s survival and evolution.
BRAIN TEST
What is Evolution?
Who proposed the theory of Acquired
Characteristics?
Who proposed the Origin of Species through
Natural Selection?
What are the evidences of Evolution?
A pattern of evolution which is usually observed in predator-
prey relationships as well as those close interspecific
interactions such as mutualism and competition.
COEVOLUTION
A pattern of evolution which resembles a group of distantly
related lineages tend to evolve similar structure as adaptations
to a similar habitat or a way of life.
CONVERGENT EVOLUTION
A pattern of evolution which occurs when closely related
species transfer to a new habitat as a result of changing
lifestyles, ultimately producing distinct species.
DIVERGENT EVOLUTION
Olivar, J.T. (2016). “Exploring Life Through Science”. Phoenix
Publishing House. pp. 218 - 235

HeyNowScience. Convergent Evolution, Divergent Evolution, &

Adaptive Radiation. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=TCeP43-0K_8&t=32s