CEREBRO, NO,

UTAK, BRAIN

LESSON 5.9
STRUCTUTAL CLASSIFICATIONS OF NERVOUS
SYSTEM (MAIN PARTS)

NERVOUS
SYSTEM
STRUCTUTAL CLASSIFICATIONS OF NERVOUS
SYSTEM (MAIN PARTS)

NERVOUS
NERVOUS SYSTEM
SYSTEM
NERVOUS NERVOUS SYSTEM
SYSTEM
affarent efferent
 picks up sensory stimuli  sends directions from
your brain to muscles and
glands.
 NERVOUS SYSTEM

voluntary
 rules your skeletal
muscle movements
 NERVOUS SYSTEM
 keeps your
heart beating,
your lungs
breathing,
your stomach
churning

voluntary
 rules your skeletal
muscle movements involuntary
NEURONS
NEUROGLIA
(GLIAL CELLS)
Neuroglia vs. Neurons
• Neuroglia divide.
• Neurons do not.
• Most brain tumors are “gliomas.”
• Most brain tumors involve the neuroglia cells,
not the neurons.
 Nervous Tissue: Neurons
· Neurons = nerve cells
· Cells specialized to transmit messages
· Major regions of neurons
· Cell body – nucleus and metabolic center of the cell
· Processes – fibers that extend from the cell body (dendrites
and axons)
Neuron Anatomy

· Cell body
· Nucleus
· Large
nucleolus

Figure 7.4a
Neuron Anatomy

· Extensions outside the

cell body
· Dendrites – conduct
impulses toward the cell
body
· Axons – conduct
impulses away from the
cell body (only 1!)

Figure 7.4a
Neuron Anatomy

· Extensions outside the

cell body
· Dendrites – conduct
impulses toward the cell
body
· Axons – conduct
impulses away from the
cell body (only 1!)

Figure 7.4a
Ways to slow conduction
• Alcohol
• Sedatives
• Anesthetics
• Cold
• Continuous pressure
 CEREBRUM
The largest part of the brain, the cerebrum has two hemisphere (or halves) . The
cerebrum controls movement, speech, intelligence, emotion, and what we see
and hear
 FRONTAL LOBE
The frontal lobe, located behind the forehead, does much of the work of
complex thinking, like planning, imagining, making decisions, and
reasoning
 PARIETAL LOBE
The parietal lobe, located behind the frontal lobe, processes information
about touch, taste, and temperature.
 TEMPORAL LOBE
The temporal lobe, found near the ears, lets us understand sounds and
language, allows us to recognize objects and faces, and helps us create
memories.
 OCCIPITAL LOBE
The occipital lobe, in the rear of the brain, processes light and other
visual information from the eyes, and allows us to know what we are
seeing..
 CEREBELLUM
LOBE
The cerebellum helps coordinate and fine‑tune movement and balance.
 SPINAL CORD
This portion of the central nervous system runs down the inside of the
spinal column, connecting the brain with nerves going to the rest of the
body.
 BRAIN STEM
At the base of the brain, the brain stem connects to the spinal cord and is
made up of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
 PONS
The pons relays messages from the cerebrum to the cerebellum and
spinal cord, and helps control movement of the face..
 MIDBRAIN
The midbrain helps control eye movements, and allows the brain to
communicate with the rest of the nervous system.
 MEDULLA OBLANGATA
This portion of the brain stem is located just above the spinal cord. It
regulates vital functions, such as heartbeat and breathing.
 THALAMUS
Located in the central part of the brain, the thalamus receives sensory
messages, such as touch, from the body, and sends the messages to the
appropriate part of the brain to be interpreted.
 VENTRICLES
These hollow spaces in the brain have cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) in
them. CSF flows through the ventricles and around the spine in the spinal
column, protecting and nourishing the central nervous system.
 PITUITARY GLAND
This tiny gland produces hormones involved in regulating growth, puberty,
metabolism, water and mineral balance, the body's response to stress,
and more.
 HYPOTHALAMUS
The hypothalamus regulates functions like thirst, appetite, and sleep
patterns. It also regulates the release of hormones from the pituitary
gland.
NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS

Parkinson's disease is a

brain disorder that causes
unintended or uncontrollable
movements, such as
shaking, stiffness, and
difficulty with balance and
coordination.

Freddie Roach
NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS

Cerebral palsy describes a
group of disorders that affect a
person's ability to move and
maintain balance and posture.
neuromuscular disability where
voluntary muscles are poorly
controlled; causes by a
temporary lack of oxygen to
motor areas of the brain during
delivery
Abbey Curran
NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS

 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

(ALS), commonly referred to in
the U.S. as Lou Gehrig's disease.
As ALS progresses, the
degeneration of motor neurons
in the brain interfere with
messages to muscles in the
body. Eventually, muscles
atrophy and voluntary control
Stephen Hawking of muscles is lost.
NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS
Alzheimer’s Disease (Dementia)

·Progressive degenerative brain

disease
·Mostly seen in the elderly, but may
begin in middle age
·Structural changes in the brain include
abnormal protein deposits and twisted
fibers within neurons
·Victims experience memory loss,
irritability, confusion and ultimately,
hallucinations and death

Robin Williams