KS3 Chemistry

9E Metals and
Metal Compounds

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 Contents

9E Metals and Metal Compounds

Metals and non-metals

Metals and acids

Metal compounds and acids

Symbol equations

Summary activities
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 Metal or non-metal?
Is this element a metal or a non-metal ?

Hard to
say!

H
He
Li Be iodine iron
(I) (Fe)
antimony
copper (Sb)
(Cu) B C N O F Ne
phosphorus
sulfur
magnesium (S) (P)
(Mg)
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt ? ? ?

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 Metals and non-metals in the periodic table
The periodic table is a list of all the known elements which
are arranged according to the similarities in their properties.
Metals are on the Non-metals are
left and in the centre. mostly on the right.

Xe

What type of elements are between metals and non-metals?

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 Metals and non-metals in the periodic table

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 Metal, non-metal or metalloid?
francium
krypton
scandium
cobalt (Kr)
(Fr)
silicon(Co)
(Si)
(Sc) metalloid
non-metal
metal

H Which side
What are
areare
thethe
non- He
metalloids?
Li Be metals on? B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt ? ? ?
Metals are on Metalloids sometimes Non-metals
the left and in behave like metals and are mostly
the centre. sometimes like non-metals. on the right.

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 What are the properties of metals?

shiny malleable
(easy to bend) solid

sonorous
(makes a sound) good conductor of electricity

Properties of
dense strong
metals

good conductor of heat high melting point

ductile
high boiling point (can be drawn into wires)

Do all metals have these properties?

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 Properties of metals and non-metals

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 Metals and non-metals – true or false?

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 Using metals
Can all metals do the same job?.

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 Using metals activity

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 Contents

9E Metals and Metal Compounds

Metals and non-metals

Metals and acids

Metal compounds and acids

Symbol equations

Summary activities
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 Reaction of metals with acids
Many metals react with acids.
hydrogen
When this happens the metal
fizzes as bubbles are produced. burning
splint

What do the bubbles mean?

magnesium
A gas is produced. + acid

How can you test to find out if the gas produced is hydrogen?
Place a burning splint next to the mouth of test tube.
A ‘squeaky pop’ as the gas ignites shows that hydrogen
is the gas produced in this reaction.

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 Reaction of metals with acids
When a metal reacts with an acid, the products are a salt
and hydrogen gas.

metal hydrochloric
sulfuric
nitric
acidacid metal
salt hydrogen
acid chloride
sulfate
nitrate

The salt produced depends on the metal and type of acid

involved in the reaction:
 When a metal reacts with hydrochloric acid, the
salt produced is a metal chloride.
 When a metal reacts with sulfuric acid, the salt
produced is a metal sulfate.
 When a metal reacts with nitric acid, the salt
produced is a metal nitrate.

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 Complete the word equations
Complete the word equations for metals reacting with acid:

magnesium nitric magnesium

? hydrogen
acid nitrate

iron sulfuric iron

? hydrogen
acid sulfate

zinc hydrochloric zinc

? hydrogen
acid chloride

lead
? sulfuric
? lead hydrogen
acid sulfate

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 Reactivity of metals
Some metals react more vigorously with acids than others.
Metals can be listed in order of how reactive they are.
This list is called the reactivity series.
potassium
sodium  The more reactive the
calcium
increasing reactivity

metal, the more vigorous

magnesium the reaction.
aluminium
zinc
iron
lead
(hydrogen)  A metal that is below
copper hydrogen will not react
silver with dilute acids.
gold

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 Contents

9E Metals and Metal Compounds

Metals and non-metals

Metals and acids

Metal compounds and acids

Symbol equations

Summary activities
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 Reaction of metal carbonates with acids
When a metal carbonate reacts with an acid,
it fizzes giving off carbon dioxide gas.

Carbon dioxide can be tested for using the

limewater test.

When carbon dioxide gas is bubbled

through limewater, it turns the
limewater cloudy or milky white.

Most metal carbonates are not very soluble

and so the reactions may be slow.

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 Reaction of metal carbonates with acids
When a metal carbonate reacts with an acid, the products
are a salt, carbon dioxide and water.
metal hydrochloric
sulfuric
nitric
acidacid metal
salt carbon water
carbonate acid chloride
sulfate
nitrate dioxide

The salt produced depends on the metal carbonate and type

of acid involved in the reaction:
 When a metal carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid,
the salt produced is a metal chloride.
 When a metal carbonate reacts with sulfuric acid,
the salt produced is a metal sulfate.
 When a metal carbonate reacts with nitric acid,
the salt produced is a metal nitrate.

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 Complete the word equations

metal acid salt carbon water

carbonate dioxide
Complete the word equation for each reaction between a
metal carbonates and an acid:

sodium nitric
? sodium carbon
? water
carbonate acid nitrate dioxide

calcium
? nitric calcium carbon water
carbonate acid nitrate dioxide

zinc sulfuric zinc

? carbon
? ?
water
carbonate acid sulfate dioxide

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 Reaction of metal oxides with acids
When a metal oxide reacts with an acid, the products are a
salt and water.
metal acid salt water
oxide

A metal oxide is a type of chemical called a base.

Bases are chemicals that react with an acid to produce
a salt and water.
A base that is soluble in water is called an alkali.
Using the products as a clue, what is the reaction between
a base (such as a metal oxide) and an acid called?
neutralization
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 Complete the word equations

metal acid salt water

oxide
Complete the word equation for each reaction between a
metal oxide and an acid:

magnesium nitric acid magnesium

? water
?
oxide nitrate

zinc oxide sulfuric iron

? ?
water
acid sulfate

iron oxide hydrochloric iron

? water
?
acid chloride

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 Contents

9E Metals and Metal Compounds

Metals and non-metals

Metals and acids

Metal compounds and acids

Symbol equations

Summary activities
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 Chemical formulae – what is the ratio of atoms?

The name of a chemical can also be written as a formula.

A formula uses chemical symbols and numbers to show the
ratio of atoms of each element present in the chemical.

Name of salt Formula Ratio of atoms in salt

calcium chloride CaCl2 1 Ca 2 Cl

sodium sulphate Na2SO4 2 Na 1 S 4 O

magnesium sulphate MgSO4 1 Mg 1 S 4 O

magnesium nitrate Mg(NO3)2 1 Mg 2 N 6 O

calcium sulphate CaSO4 1 Ca 1 S 4 O

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 What is the ratio of atoms in each salt?
What is the ratio of atoms in each salt?

Name of salt Formula Ratio of atoms in salt

sodium chloride NaCl 1 Na 1 Cl

magnesium chloride MgCl2 1 Mg 2 Cl

potassium nitrate KNO3 1K 1N 3O

potassium sulphate K2SO4 2K 1S 4O
calcium nitrate Ca(NO3)2 1 Ca 2N 6O

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 Writing equations using chemical formulae
The names of chemicals in a word equation can be replaced
with chemical formulae.
When a chemical reaction is written using chemical formulae,
the equation must be balanced.

zinc hydrochloric zinc hydrogen

acid chloride
Zn + 2 HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
1 Zn 2
1 H, 2
1 Cl 1 Zn, 2 Cl 2H
 Write down the formula for each chemical.
 Count the number of atoms on each side of the equation.
 Where needed, adjust the numbers in front of the formula
so that the numbers of atoms on each side are balanced.

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 Writing and balancing chemical equations
Use chemical formulae to write a balanced chemical equation
for the reaction between lead and hydrochloric acid.

lead hydrochloric lead hydrogen

acid chloride

Pb + 2 HCl → PbCl2 + H2

Use chemical formulae to write a balanced chemical equation

for the reaction between calcium oxide and hydrochloric acid.

calcium hydrochloric calcium hydrogen

acid chloride

Ca + 2 HCl → CaCl2 + H2

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 Balancing equations activity

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 Contents

9E Metals and Metal Compounds

Metals and non-metals

Metals and acids

Metal compounds and acids

Symbol equations

Summary activities
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 Glossary
alkali – A soluble base.
base – A compound (such as a metal oxide) that reacts
with an acid to produce a salt and water.
conductor – A material that allows heat and electricity
to travel through it easily.
malleable – A material that can be hammered into shape.
metal – An element found on the left of the periodic table
which is usually hard, shiny and a good conductor.
metal carbonate – A compound made of a metal,
carbon and oxygen. It reacts with acid to produce a salt,
carbon dioxide and water.
metal oxide – A compound made of a metal and oxygen.
It reacts with acid to produce a salt and water.
property – A characteristic of a material.

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 Anagrams

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 Multiple-choice quiz

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