Chapter 2:

Essential Computer and Software

Concepts
Operating Systems #1
 Coordinates:
o Input from the keyboard with output on the screen
o Responds to mouse and touch pad clicks
o Heeds commands to save a file
o Retrieves files
o Transmits commands to printers and other peripheral
devices
o Provides access to applications

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Operating Systems #2
 Microsoft Windows for most PCs
 Apple Macintosh operating system
 Windows CE operating system for PDAs or handhelds
 Palm operating system
 DOS operating system for early PCs
 Graphical user interface (GUI; point and click for
commands)

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Cloud Computing #1
 Ability to access software and file storage on remote
computers using the Internet

 Free cloud office apps

o Microsoft Office
o Google Drive
o Apple iWork for iCloud

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Cloud Computing #2
 Advantages
o Backup of documents
o Share and edit

 Disadvantages
o No control over cloud site
o Lack of Internet access
o Target for cyber attacks
o Concerns about information safety

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Software Program Copyright
 Open source

 Shareware

 Freeware

 Public domain

 Commercial

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Software Piracy
 Illegal installations of legitimate software.
 Most problems are from countries outside the Western
world.
o Value of software theft in billion of dollars.
o In 1992, the Congress passed the Software Copyright
Protection Bill.
 Raised software piracy to a felony
Penalties include fines and even jail.

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Managing Digital Files
 Keyboard shortcuts
 Managing file extensions
 Saving a file as a different type
 Clipboard
 Disk and data encryption
 Speech recognition
 Sleep mode

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Handling Minor Problems
 “This program is not responding”
o Request to shut it down
o “Three-finger salute”
 Press down and hold the Ctrl, Alt, and Delete keys.
 Crashes
o Lose whatever you have not saved.
 Save continually as you work.
o Reopen the program.
o When all else fails:
 Press the power button and hold it down until the
computer turns off!

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Question #1

 Is the following statement true or false?

 Most early PCs used a Windows operating system.

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Answer to Question #1
 False

 Rationale: Most early PCs used DOS operating system.

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Question #2
 Is the following statement true or false?

 Cloud computing requires access to the Internet.

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Answer to Question #2
 True

 Rationale: Cloud computing is pervasive in the use of

computers with Internet access. Cloud computing
encompasses use of remote servers and software, file
storage resources, and the ability to work synchronously
and asynchronously using shared files and folders with
others. However, there are pros and cons to its use.

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Question #3
 Is the following statement true or false?

 Only public domain software is copyrighted.

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Answer to Question #3
 False

 Rationale: Knowledge of software program copyright is

required to avoid software piracy. All but public domain
software used is proprietary and copyrighted. Using a
copyrighted program without following the rules for use is
software piracy.

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