Thermal Properties of

Matter
 Internal Energy
The total energy of all the particles in the substance.

Internal kinetic energy Internal potential energy

• Motion of the • Amount of potential

particles energy stored in bonds
• Directly related to depends on:
• 1. forces between particles
temperature • 2. how far apart they are
Latent Heat and Specific Latent heat
 Latent heat
The energy released or absorbed by a substance during a
change of state, without a change in its temperature.
Latent heat of fusion, Lf
Amount of thermal energy required to change a substance
from solid state to liquid state.
Specific Latent heat of fusion, lf
Amount of thermal energy required to change a unit mass of
the substance from solid state to liquid state.
 𝑳 𝒇 =𝒍 𝒇 ×𝒎

= latent heat of fusion (J)

= specific latent heat of fusion (J kg -1)
m = mass of the substance

The SI unit for specific latent heat of fusion is joule per

kilogram (J kg-1)
Sample Problem:

The heat of fusion of water is 334 J/g. How much energy is required
to melt 50 grams of ice into liquid water?
Sample Problem:

If it takes 41000 joules of heat to melt 200 grams solid copper to

liquid copper, what is the heat of fusion of copper?
Latent heat of vaporisation, Lv

Amount of thermal energy required to change a substance

from liquid state to gaseous state.

Specific Latent heat of vaporisation, lv

Amount of thermal energy required to change a unit mass of

the substance from liquid state to gaseous state.
 𝑳 𝒗= 𝒍 𝒗 × 𝒎

= latent heat of vaporisation (J)

= specific latent heat of vaporisation (J kg -1)
m = mass of the substance (kg)

The SI unit for specific latent heat of fusion is joule per

kilogram (J kg-1)
Sample Problem:

A 10-g chunk of liquid lead at 1750°C takes 8580 joules of heat to

turn into 10-g of gaseous lead at 1750°C. What is the latent heat of
vaporization of the lead?
 Evaporation vs. Boiling
EVAPORATION
Occurs ar any temperature
Relatively slow
Takes place only at the liquid
surface
No bubbles are formed in the
liquid
Temperature may change
External thermal energy
source not required
BOILING
Occurs at a particular
temperature
Relatively fast
Takes place through the liquid
Bubbles are form in the liquid
Temperature remains constant
External thermal energy
source is required
Evaporation
 Evaporation

Rates of evaporation is affected by:

• Temperature
• Humidity of the surrounding air
• Surface area of the liquid
• Boiling point of the liquid
• Movement of the air
• pressure