Module 4.5

MODULE 4 – IoT for Automotive
CONTENTS
4.1 Vehicle Utility Control- Navigation
4.2 Tracking, and Self driving cars
4.3 Smart parking, connected cars
4.4 Next generation cars, Intelligent transport system
4.5 Monitoring Driving Habits using smart phones, e-Call system
4.6 Electric Toll collection and Smart signals.

4.5 Monitoring Driving Habits using smart phones, e-
Call system
Monitoring Driving Habits using smart phones
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tCt77BLevnw
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1XvKfZF2EvI
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System design
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Accelerometer
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GSM MODEL
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Detection system flow chart

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 The Driver Monitoring System, also known

as Driver Attention Monitor, is a vehicle safety
system first introduced by Toyota in 2006 for its
and Lexus latest models.
 It was first offered in Japan on the GS 450h. The

system's functions co-operate with the
Pre-Collision System (PCS).
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• The system uses infrared sensors to monitor

driver attentiveness.
• Specifically, the Driver Monitoring System

includes a CCD camera placed on the steering
column which is capable of eye tracking, via
infrared LED detectors.
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• If the driver is not paying attention to the road

ahead and a dangerous situation is detected,
the system will warn the driver by flashing lights,
warning sounds.
• If no action is taken, the vehicle will apply the

brakes (a warning alarm will sound followed by a
brief automatic application of the braking
system). This system is said to be the first of its
kind.
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• A smartphone is a class of phone and computing

device.
• They are distinguished from feature phones by
their stronger hardware capabilities and
extensive mobile operating systems, which
facilitate wider software, internet(including web
browsing over mobile broadband),
and multimedia functionality (including music,
video, cameras, and gaming), alongside core
phone functions such as voice calls and text
messaging.
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• Smart phones typically include

various sensors that can be leveraged by their
software, such as a magnetometer, proximity
sensors, barometer, gyroscope and acceleromet
er, and support wireless communications
protocols such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and satellite
navigation.
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E CALL SYSTEM INTRODUCTION
Road traffic crashes are one of the world’s largest public
health and injury prevention problems.
Four factors contribute to the vast majority of

collisions. They are:
Equipment Failure
Roadway Design
Poor Roadway Maintenance
Driver Behavior
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=96ijT2Wmqj4
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WHY E-CALL??
•Only 30% of death occurs with minutes of accident.
•And remaining 70% of deaths occurs within 2 hours

, due to late of emergency services.
•So our primary concern is to reduce this accident response

time.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KB8pmBNHI2Y
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E-CALL???
 An emergency call.
It actually reduces the accident response time

during lethal accidents.
It calls the emergency services either manually

or automatically within minutes of accident.
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PRINCIPLE
When an accident occurs the e-Call device automatically calls
the nearest PSAP(public service access point) in the form of
MSD (minimum set of data )
 This PSAP sends the data to the rescue service
Thus we can send the ambulance to the location to save the victim
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ELEMENTS IN E-CALL
 PSAP (public service access
point)
 MSD (minimum set of data)
 Emergency call number

E112
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HARDWARES USED IN E-CALL

•Tri-axial accelerometer
•Air bag sensors
•GPS receiver
•CMOS camera
•Flash memory
•Cellular phone
•Power supply
•Onboard
communications
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E-CALL WORKS AS…..

• It sends an MSD to the PSAP ,this information includes….
 Time of incident
 Exact location including direction of driving
 Vehicle identification
ECall qualifier giving the severity of the incident (currently

automatic/manual)
 Verification possibility via voice link
No false alarms (double check mechanism when triggered manually)
 Safe automatic call also when driver is unconscious
Link to private service provider for additional optional services possible

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STANDARDISATION
•Use GSM Network to communicate between the vehicle
in the incident and the PSAP
•In Europe , the emergency call number E112 used
•Two main issues for the standardization
• The transport protocol by which the Minimum Set
of Data (MSD) will be sent.
• The content and the format of the MSD, It could amount
to 140 bytes including info like time stamp, vehicle
number and location.
• European Telecommunications Standards Institute

(ETSI) is incharge in setting the standards for the
architecture.
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TYPES OF CALLING PSAP
1. Voice call as an Alarm Medium: The advantage of an accident

message via voice call is that it’s not necessary to have a SIM-Card
installed for emergency call to the emergency number.
initiates a voice call to emergency number and advises the
coordinates of the accident using a voice processor.
A web database with connection to a map server would enable the
emergency centre clarify the identity of the owner as well as the cars
position.
2. SMS as an Alarm Medium: For transmitting a SMS-Message it’s

necessary to have SIM-Card installed.
The advantage of SMS is that you need less GSM reception than
for a voice call.
It is rather ensured, that the alarm can be sent, in consideration of
damaging of the vehicle caused by an accident.
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The reliability of voice call is 97% while it is 98% for

SMS mode.
They are almost equal in reliability as per the studies so
we can go for any one of these two.
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STEPS INVOLVED IN DETECTION OF

ACCIDENT
1. Pre-certification
By making this mandatory for all vehicles and certifying them with
specific codes it will be much easier to detect the identity of affected
persons and in informing the news to their family members.
It is applicable if the following terminal interface specifications are

made mandatory
i. Antennas, external sensors, vehicle bus

ii. Vehicle installation matrix
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2. Application Tests:
i. Manual initialization of the e-Call function doesn’t depend

on any sensors but will be invoked by the persons in
vehicle.
ii.Automatic initialization of the e-Call function
happens in relation of occurring of any of the tests
mentioned below
a. Airbag detection
b. Rear impact detection
c. Side impact detection
d. Frontal impact detection
e. Rollover detection
f. Temperature rise (fire) detection
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3. Environmental tests
Also the automatic initialization of e-call will
happen also in case of detection of any of the
following conditions:
a. High ambient temperature

b. Low ambient temperature
c. Loss of external power source
d. Impact resistance
e. Vibration resistance
f. Temperature and humidity cycling
g. Mobile data services not available
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E-CALL @ PRESENT
•BMW
•PSA PEUGEOT CITROEN
•VOLVO
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FUTURE
• Installation of E-CALL technology in all new
vehicles in Europe from 2015
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ADVANTAGES
• Studies show that the emergency response time could be reduced by

about 50% in rural areas and 40% in urban areas.
• It is estimated that the e-Call system could save up to 2,500 lives a

year
• Reduce the severity of the injuries sustained in 15% of cases.
• Also the GPS tracker in the vehicle helps to find the location of the
car when it is stolen, thus it helps to find about missing vehicles
also.
• The system will also ensure a corresponding reduction in the

number of traffic jams.
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DISADVANTAGES
•Cost
•Complex for maintenance
•E-Call is a subscription service at present

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BROAD SUPPORT FOR E-CALL!

•Austria •Lithuania
•Belgium •Latvia
•Cyprus •Luxemburg
•The Czech •Malta
Republic •The Netherlands
•Denmark •Portugal
•Estonia •Romania
•Finland •Slovakia
•Germany •Slovenia
•Greece •Spain
•Hungary •Sweden
•Italy
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CONCLUSION
•Highly efficient.
•Saves life.
•The government must take the responsibility of

implementing this technology
•Drivers can be assured of a healthy drive and a

pleasant ride
4.5 Monitoring
3.1 - Driving
IoT Applications
Habits using
in Industries
smart phones, e-
Call system
e-Call system
• In the event of an accident, an emergency call (eCall)

is triggered to the Euronotrufnummer 112, which sends a
minimum data set directly to a PSAP (Public Safety
Answering Point) , and at the same time establishes a
voice connection in the event that an occupant of the
accident car can still speak. eCall will be automatically
and manually triggered.
• At a button in the car even witnesses of a serious
accident could trigger the emergency call.
4.5 Monitoring
3.1 - Driving
IoT Applications
Habits using
in Industries
smart phones, e-
Call system
e-Call system
• The minimum data set contains, among other things,

the accident time, the exact coordinates of the accident
location, the direction of travel (important on motorways
and in tunnels), vehicle ID, service provider ID and eCall
qualifier (triggered automatically or manually).
4.5 Monitoring
3.1 - Driving
IoT Applications
Habits using
in Industries
smart phones, e-
Call system
e-Call system
• Optionally, the transmission of data from on-

board security systems, such.
• For example, the severity of the accident event
and the number of occupants, whether the seat
belts were applied, whether the vehicle has
turned over, possible.
• The eCall infrastructure must be ready by 1
October 2017.
• The new service is available to all citizens free
of charge.

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MODULE 4 – IoT for Automotive

4.1 Vehicle Utility Control- Navigation

4.2 Tracking, and Self driving cars

4.3 Smart parking, connected cars

4.4 Next generation cars, Intelligent transport system

4.5 Monitoring Driving Habits using smart phones, e-Call system

4.6 Electric Toll collection and Smart signals.

Detection system flow chart

 The Driver Monitoring System, also known

 It was first offered in Japan on the GS 450h. The

• The system uses infrared sensors to monitor

• Specifically, the Driver Monitoring System

• If the driver is not paying attention to the road

• If no action is taken, the vehicle will apply the

• A smartphone is a class of phone and computing

• Smart phones typically include

Four factors contribute to the vast majority of

Poor Roadway Maintenance

•And remaining 70% of deaths occurs within 2 hours

•So our primary concern is to reduce this accident response

It actually reduces the accident response time

It calls the emergency services either manually

 This PSAP sends the data to the rescue service

 MSD (minimum set of data)

 Emergency call number

HARDWARES USED IN E-CALL

E-CALL WORKS AS…..

 Exact location including direction of driving

ECall qualifier giving the severity of the incident (currently

 Verification possibility via voice link

No false alarms (double check mechanism when triggered manually)

 Safe automatic call also when driver is unconscious

Link to private service provider for additional optional services possible

• European Telecommunications Standards Institute

1. Voice call as an Alarm Medium: The advantage of an accident

2. SMS as an Alarm Medium: For transmitting a SMS-Message it’s

The reliability of voice call is 97% while it is 98% for

STEPS INVOLVED IN DETECTION OF

It is applicable if the following terminal interface specifications are

i. Antennas, external sensors, vehicle bus

i. Manual initialization of the e-Call function doesn’t depend

a. High ambient temperature

• Studies show that the emergency response time could be reduced by

• It is estimated that the e-Call system could save up to 2,500 lives a

• Reduce the severity of the injuries sustained in 15% of cases.

• The system will also ensure a corresponding reduction in the

•Complex for maintenance

•E-Call is a subscription service at present

BROAD SUPPORT FOR E-CALL!

•The government must take the responsibility of

•Drivers can be assured of a healthy drive and a

• In the event of an accident, an emergency call (eCall)

• The minimum data set contains, among other things,

• Optionally, the transmission of data from on-

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