Data Communications

By: Eduardo S. Rodrigo

 Intended Learning Outcomes (ILO)
LESSON OVERVIEW

The purpose of this lesson is to discuss data communication and its various
components.  The different types of communication media and the different
types of transmission models will be covered also in this lesson.

Copyright © 2020 by Technological Institute of the Philippines. All rights reserved.

 Intended Learning Outcomes (ILO)
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to :

1) describe what data communication is;

2) differentiate the types of communication media; and
3) illustrate the types of the data transmission model.

Copyright © 2020 by Technological Institute of the Philippines. All rights reserved.

 Intended Learning Outcomes (ILO)
TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES

• Ice breaker
• Discussion
• Assessment Task

Copyright © 2020 by Technological Institute of the Philippines. All rights reserved.

 What is Data What
Communication?
is Data Communication

Data communication refers to the

exchange of data between a source
and a receiver via form of
transmission media such as a wire
cable or wireless.

Communication means sharing of

information.

Local Communication means face to Image Source : https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Data-

face or remote (over distance). Communication-Components_fig1_287726426

Copyright © 2020 by Technological Institute of the Philippines. All rights reserved.

 Components of Data Communication:
Components of Data Communication

1. Message

It is the information or data to be communicated. It can

consist of text, numbers, pictures, sound or video or any
combination of these.

2. Sender

It is the device that generates and sends that message.

Image Source :
3. Receiver https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Data-
Communication-Components_fig1_287726426
It is the device or computer that receives the message. The

distance between sender and receiver depends upon the

types of network used in between.

 Components of Data Communication:
Components of Data Communication

4. Medium

It is the channel or physical path through which the

message is carried from sender to the receiver.

5. Protocol

It is a set of rules that govern the communication between

the devices.
 Data Communication
Data Communication Medium: Medium

The physical channels (the media) that carry data

are of two types: bounded and unbounded.
 Types of Bounded Media / Wired :

1. Coaxial Cable
About the Coaxial Cable :
- the coaxial cable use in TV is different to the cable
use in computer networking.
- coaxial cable transmits electrical signal.

Disadvantages of using Coaxial Cable :

➨It is bulky.
➨It is expensive to install for longer distances due to its
thickness and stiffness.

➨in case of failure in one cable the entire network will be down.

➨the security is a great concern as it is easy to tap the

coaxial cable by breaking it and inserting T-joint in between.

➨It must be grounded to prevent interference.

About the Coaxial Cable :

- Common speed : 10mbps

Types of Coaxial Cable :

RG58 – for computer

networking.

RG59 – for Television.

RG6 – for Satellite.
Coaxial Cable Connectors:
 Types of Bounded Media / Wired :

2. Twisted Pair Wire 2 Types of Twisted Pair Wire

Shielded (STP) Unshielded (UTP)

Twisted Pair Wire :
Description of Twisted Pair Wire

it is similar with cable use for telephone wires.

it transmits Electrical signal.

it is the most widely used Transmission Media.

Advantages of Using Twisted Pair Wire :


it is flexible.

Easy to install.

Inexpensive.

it supports fast transfer of data.

Disadvantage of Using Twisted Pair Wire :


it is affected by Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI).
Image Source : https://networkencyclopedia.com/electromagnetic-interference-emi/
How to Use UTP/STP Cable in Networking ?

Step 1: Measure the length you need.

Step 2: Strip the Outer Jacket Off.

How to Use UTP/STP Cable in Networking ?

Step 3: Untwist and Separate All the Wires.

How to Use UTP/STP Cable in Networking ?

Step 4: Put the Wires in the correct order and prepare them for crimping.

Crossover cables are used to directly network two machines

together without the need for a router.
 Types of Bounded Media / Wired :

3. Fiber Optic Cable

What is Fiber Optic Cable?

- it uses the concept of reflection of light

through a core made up of glass or plastic.

- the core is surrounded by a less dense

glass or plastic covering called the
cladding.

- It is used for transmission of large

volumes of data.
Advantages of Fiber Optic Cable :
- It supports very high data transmission in long distance.
- it is not affected by Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI).

- it has greater resistance to electromagnetic noise such

as radios, motors or other nearby cables.

Disadvantages of Fiber Optic Cable :

- Very expensive.
- It is easy to break and not flexible.
- difficult to install.
Types of Fiber Optic Cable (FOC) :

1. Single Mode – it transmits single ray of light,

50 times more distance than multimode.

- it is used in a very long distance connection.

- the most expensive type of FOC.

 multi mode Single mode
BOX
HOME

INTERNET
POST
2. Multi Mode - it transmits multi ray of light.
- it is little bit bigger in diameter compared to Single-mode type.
 Types of UnBounded Media / Wireless :

Unbounded transmission media also referred to as wireless, is

required for the transmission of electromagnetic signals.

Features:


Signal is broadcasted through the air.

Less Secure.

Used for larger distances. 4 Types of Unbounded Media:
1. Radiowaves
2. Microwaves
3. Satellite
4. Infrared
4 Types of Unbounded Media:

1. Radiowaves

The best-known use of radio waves

are : television, cellphones and
radio.

All receive radio waves and convert

them to mechanical vibrations in the
speaker to create sound waves that
can be heard.
1. Radiowaves transmitter
 4 Types of Unbounded Media:

2. Microwaves
Microwaves are majorly used for mobile phone
communication and television distribution.

Terahertz (THz) is a unit of measure of

frequency that is equal to 1 trillion hertz
(1012 Hz).   

Microwaves are majorly used for mobile phone

communication and television distribution.
4 Types of Unbounded Media

3. Satellite

- refers to a machine that is launched into space and moves around Earth or
another body in space.
- earth and the moon are examples of natural satellites.

- thousands of artificial or man-made satellites orbit Earth.

- Some take pictures of the planet that help meteorologists predict weather and
track hurricanes.

- Some take pictures of other planets, the sun, black holes, dark matter or
faraway galaxies.

- These pictures help scientists better understand the solar system and universe.
Image Source: https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/scan/communications/outreach/funfacts/txt_relay_satellite.html
1st Satellite by Soviet Union :
On 4 October 1957 the Soviet
Union launched the world's first artificial
satellite, Sputnik 1.

Source : https://en.wikipedia.org

Satellite of the Philippines :

Diwata-1 also known as PHL-Microsat-1 was a

Philippine microsatellite launched to the
International Space Station (ISS) on March 23,
2016, and was deployed into orbit from the ISS
on April 27, 2016. It was the first Philippine
microsatellite and the first satellite built and Image Source :
designed by Filipinos. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diwata-1#/media/File:Diwata-
1.jpg
The UCS Satellite
Database, compiled by
the Union of
Concerned Scientists, a
nonprofit science
advocacy group, shows
that the United States,
as of November 2018,
had 830 registered
units in orbit. That
number almost
exceeds the combined
total of the rest of the
top ten. China follows
with 280, and Russia is
third with 147.
Source : https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/03/chart-of-the-day-the-countries-with-the-most-satellites-in-space/
How many satellites are
orbiting the Earth?

According to the Index of

Objects Launched into
Outer Space, maintained by
the United Nations Office
for Outer Space Affairs
(UNOOSA), 4,987 satellites
were orbiting the planet at
the start of the year 2019;

Image Source : https://www.allinallspace.com/here-are-all-the-satellites-orbiting-the-earth-in-2019/

What Is Infrared?

Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic

radiation, as are radio waves, ultraviolet
radiation, X-rays and microwaves.

Infrared (IR) light is the part of the EM spectrum

that people encounter most in everyday life,
although much of it goes unnoticed. It is invisible
to human eyes, but people can feel it as heat.
 Intended Learning Outcomes (ILO)
Summary of the Lesson

In this lesson, we were able to define data communication which refers to the
exchange of data between a source and a receiver via the form of
transmission media such as a wire cable. We differentiated the components
of data communication: the message, sender, receiver, medium, and the
protocol. We also learned the four types of bounded or wired transmission
media: coaxial cable, twisted-pair wire, and the fiber optic cable. Lastly, we
have discussed the unbounded or wireless communication media: the radio
waves, microwave, satellite, and infrared.

Copyright © 2020 by Technological Institute of the Philippines. All rights reserved.

 Intended Learning Outcomes (ILO)
References

1) Data communication, (2020) Retrieved from  

     https://www.techopedia.com/definition/6765/data-communications-dc

2) Data communication (2020) Retrieved from

    https://ecomputernotes.com/computernetworkingnotes/communication-networks/what-is-data-
communication

3) Types of transmission media, (2020) Retrieved from  

    https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-transmission-media/

4) Coaxial cable, (2020) Retrieved from

  https://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/coaxial-cable-illustrated

5) Fiber optic, (2020) Retrieved from https://community.fs.com

5) About the Satellite, (2020) Retrieved from : https://en.wikipedia.org

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