PSYCHODYNAMIC

(Psychoanalysis,, & Adler's

Individual Psychology
Also known as psychodynamic
psychology, emphasizes
systematic study of the
psychological forces
underlying human behavior,
feelings, and emotions and
how they might relate to early
experience.
 Sigmund Freud

• May 6, 1856-Sept 23, 1939

• "Father of Psychoanalytics"

• University of Vienna

• An Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist who co-

founded the psychoanalytic school of psychology.

• Known for his theories of unconscious mind and

redefinition of sexual desire as mobile and directed
towards a wide variety of objects.
 3 LEVELS OF
MIND
Conscious Mind Preconscious Mind Unconscious Mind
The thoughts, feelings, Something that one is not The part of the mind that
and memories that one is currently aware of but could be contains all of the thoughts and
aware of during any given brought into consciousness at feelings that are outside of
moment. any given moment. conscious awareness.
 STRUCTURE OF THE MIND
ID EGO SUPEREGO
• The instinctual part • The ego is the decision- • The voice that
of the mind that making part of the mind. It incorporates the values
responds also seeks pleasure, but and morals which are
immediately to wants uses reason and logic to do learned from one's
and desires. so. parents and society.

• The id is chaotic and • It tries to get the unrealistic id • It tries to persuade the id
animal-like, seeking to cooperate in a society and ego to turn to moral
pleasure and bound by laws and social goals rather than seeking
avoiding pain. norms pleasure.
PSYCHOANALYSIS
• Refers to both a theory and a type of therapy based on the
belief that all people possess unconscious thoughts, feelings,
desires, and memories.

• The main goal is to bring unconscious material into

consciousness and enhance the functioning of the ego, helping
the individual become less controlled by biological drives or
demands of the superego.
HISTORY

This discipline or theory was established in the early 1890s by Austrian neurologist Sigmund
Freud. As Freud’s interest in hypnosis deepened, he collaborated with Josef Breuer to
develop a new form of treatment that centered around helping individuals recall memories of
traumatic events.

In 1895, Freud and Breur published Studies on Hysteria, in which they described several
cases of individuals treated through psychoanalysis.

In 1899, he published The Interpretation of Dreams, in which he described dreams as the

result of this conflict.

Despite failing health, Freud continued revising and refining his theory until his death in 1939.
CONDITIONS TREATED BY PSYCHOANALYSIS

• Depression
• Generalized anxiety
• Sexual problems
• Self-destructive behaviour
• Persistent psychological problems,
disorders of identity
• Psychosomatic disorders
• Phobias and trauma’s
• Obsessive compulsive disorders.
DEFENSE MECHANISM

• Repression: The ego pushes disturbing or threatening thoughts out of one’s

consciousness.
• Denial: The ego blocks upsetting or overwhelming experiences from awareness,
causing the individual to refuse to acknowledge or believe what is happening.
• Projection: The ego attempts to solve discomfort by attributing the individual’s
unacceptable thoughts, feelings, and motives to another person.
• Displacement: The individual satisfies an impulse by acting on a substitute object or
person in a socially unacceptable way.
PSYCHOANALYTIC TECHNIQUES
• Dream analysis — Dream interpretation is used to reveal unconscious thoughts.
Freud believe that the analysis of dreams is "the royal road to the unconscious.
• Free association — During free association, the patient is encouraged to talk about
anything that freely comes to mind.
• Interpretation — The psychoanalyst helps the patient explore memories and personal
narratives in detail, and while doing so, analyzes them.
• Transference — Patients engage in transference when they transfer feelings they had
for someone in their past to the present.
 Components Of Psychoanalysis Theory

• Topographical - Recognizes the conscious, unconscious, and

preconscious parts of the mental process.
• Dynamic - The dynamic theory is the psychology of conflict.
• Structural - This personality theory divided different component of
personality into these three, which signified the primitive, conscious, and
moral segments respectively.
• Developmental - Perspective looks at problems with significant childhood
events.
• Adaptive - Concerned with the way the person interacts with the outside
world.
ALFRED ADLER

• February 07, 1870 - May 28, 1937

• Founder of Adlerian psychology.
• He hates Freud. He was sick when
he was a child and nearly died.
• He has a little brother who died
when they were young which
motivated him to conquer death by
becoming a physician.
INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY

People are born with

weak, inferior bodies- a
condition that leads to
feelings of inferiority and
consequent dependence
on other people.
STRIVING FOR SUPERIORITY

• Alder considered aggression as our prime motivator just like

freud but became dissatisfied with it. But later on, he used
the term masculine protest which implied a will to dominate
others.

• Psychologically unhealthy – strive for personal superiority.

• Psychologically healthy – seek success for all humanity.

 PERSONAL
FINAL GOAL
SUPERIORITY
• Final Goal - Fictional and has no
• People strive for superiority with little
objective existence.
or no concern for others.
• Creative Power- the capacity of
• Some people create clever disguises
a person to create his/her own
for their personal striving and may
final .
consciously or unconsciously be
• When an individual’s final goal is
concern- self-serving and motivated
known, all actions make sense
by overcompensation for
and each subgoal takes on new
exaggerated feelings of personal
significance.
superiority.
 SUCCESS OF SUBJECTIVE
HUMANITY PERCEPTIONS
• Psychologically secure a person • We are primarily motivated to
strives toward superiority strive for superiority but the
defined in terms of success and manner in which we
social interest. This path is accomplish this is affected by
striving for success and social our subjective perceptions of
• interest.
Fictions- Our beliefs about the reality, not reality itself Adler
reality of life. Fictions have a called this subjective
powerful influence on people’s perception our fiction.
lives.
 PHYSICAL INFERIORITIES UNITY AND SELF- CONSISTENCY
OF PERSONALITY
• People begin life small, weak,
and inferior, they develop a
• The mind and body are one, as
fiction or belief system about
Adler proposed in his concept
how to overcome these physical
of Organ Dialect. Through
deficiencies and become big,
organ dialect, the body’s
strong, and superior.
organs ‘speak a language
SOCIAL INTEREST which is usually more
expressive and discloses the
• A person with well-developed individual’s opinion more
social interests strives not for clearly than words are able to
personal superiority but for the do.
perfect for all people in an ideal
community.
IMPORTANCE OF CREATIVE POWER
SOCIAL INTEREST
• Each person, Adler believed, is

• Social interest is not

empowered with the freedom

synonymous with charity and to create her or his own style of

unselfishness. Acts of life.

philanthropy and kindness may • Ability to be creative gives

or may not be motivated by them control over their lives,

Gemeinschaftgefuhl. determines what they want to
accomplish in the end, and
helps society become more
interested in them.