OPERANT

CONDITIONING
BY PSYCHOLOGIST AND BEHAVIORIST B. F SKINNER
PRESENTED BY: JENY OGASNA MANACHOL , BSND 2
 WHO IS B.F SKINNER?

• Burrhus Frederic Skinner was an American psychologist, behaviorist, author, inventor,

and social philosopher.
• He was a professor of psychology at Harvard University
• from 1958 until his retirement in 1974.
• Born: March 20, 1904, Susquehanna, Pennsylvania, United States
• Died: August 18, 1990, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
INTRODUCTION OF OPERANT CONDITIONING
BY B.F SKINNER
INTRODUCTION:
• Defined by Skinner as behavior “controlled by its consequences”
• BF Skinner: Operant Conditioning
• According to this principle, behavior that is followed by pleasant consequences is likely
to be repeated, and behavior followed by unpleasant consequences is less likely to be
repeated.
OPERANT CONDITIONING OR INSTRUMENTAL
CONDITIONING LEARNING
• Skinner (1948) studied operant conditioning by conducting experiments using animals
which he placed in a ‘Skinner Box’
• Operant Conditioning Chamber:
 OPERANT CONDITIONING CHAMBER/ SKINNER’S
BOX

• It is a device used to objectively record an animal’s behavior in a

compressed time frame.
• An animal can be rewarded or punished for engaging in certain behaviors,
such as lever pressing (for rats)
SKINNER’S EXPERIMENT
SKINNER’S EXPERIMENT

• Operant conditioning is when an animal is conditioned or is programmed to perform a

certain action with the help of a stimulus.
• This operant conditioning can be caused by a positive or negative stimulus.
OPERANT CONDITIONING

• Suggests that consequences play a major role in the shaping of future behaviors.
• Consequences can either increase or decrease a particular behavior, depending on
whether the result of the behavior is pleasant or unpleasant.
REINFORCEMENT AND PUNISHMENTS

• REINFORCEMENT
• It serves to strengthen a behavior and can do this either by adding
something pleasant or removing something unpleasant.
• PUNISHMENTS
• Weaken a behavior by adding something unpleasant or removing
something pleasant.
 TWO (2) TYPES OF REINFORCEMENT:

• POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT:
• A response or behavior is strengthened by rewards.
• Examples of this would be offering praise or a treat
when a desired behavior is displayed.
TWO (2) TYPES OF REINFORCEMENT

• NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT:
• Occurs when something undesirable is removed
whenever a behavior is displayed.
INSTRUMENTAL CONDITIONING LEARNING
REFERENCES:

• Introduction-to-psychology/skinners-ideas-on-behavioral-perspectives-on-personality
• https://study.com/academy/lesson/classical-conditioning-vs-operant-conditioning-differen
ces-and-examples.html

• https://www.psychestudy.com/behavioral/learning-memory/operant-conditioning/skinner
• Simplypsychology.org/Operant-Conditioning