Reactions in Aqueous

Solutions

Section 10.3
 Objectives
 Describe aqueous solutions
 Write complete ionic and net ionic
equations for chemical reactions in
aqueous solutions
 Predict whether reactions in aqueous
solutions will produce a precipitate, water,
or gas.
 Key Terms
 Solute  Complete ionic equation
 Solvent  Spectator ion
 Aqueous solution  Net ionic equation
 Review of Solutions

 Solvent- More plentiful substance in solution

 Solute- The compound dissolved in the solvent

 Aqueous solution- Solution in which the solvent

is water
 Aqueous Solutions
 Many possible solutes:
– Molecular compounds that exist as
molecules
• Sucrose
• Ethanol
– Molecular compounds that exist as ions
• HCl
HCl(g)  H + (aq) = Cl- (aq)
 Aqueous Solutions (cont)
– Ionic compounds that exist as ions
• NaOH
NaOH(aq)  Na + (aq) + OH- (aq)
 Aqueous Solutions
 When two aqueous solutions containing ions
react it is always a double replacement reaction.
 The water does not react
 There are three possible products when aqueous
solutions react:
– Precipitates
– Water
– Gases
Reactions that form Precipitates
 Double-replacement reaction

2NaOH(aq) + CuCl2 (aq)  2NaCl (aq) + Cu(OH)2(s)

 Ionic equations are used to show the details of

reactions involving ions
 Writing Ionic Equations
 You must show the reactants and the product as
ions
 A complete ionic equation shows all of the
particles in the solution as they realistically exist.
 A net ionic equation only shows particles that
participate in the reaction.
 To write a net ionic equation from a complete
ionic equation eliminate all spectators.
Complete Ionic Equations
 AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq)  AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)
 What type of reaction is this?
 Ag+(aq) + NO3-(aq) + Na+ (aq) + Cl-(aq) 
AgCl(s) + Na+ (aq) + NO3-(aq)
 Spectator Ions
 Ag+(aq) + NO3-(aq) + Na+(aq) + Cl-
(aq)  AgCl(s) + Na+(aq) + NO3-(aq)
 Ions that are not directly involved in a
reaction are called spectator ions
– They appear on both sides of the arrow exactly
the same way
 Net Ionic Equation
 Eliminate spectators and rewrite the
equation
 Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq)  AgCl(s)
 Ionic Equations
 Make sure that the net charge is balanced.
For example…
 Pb(s) + 2Cl-(aq)  PbCl2(s)
 Reactions that Form Water
 Double-replacement reactions
 Water molecules increase the number of
solvent particles
 No evidence of reaction is observable
(water is colorless and odorless)

HBr(aq) + NaOH(aq)  H2O (l) + NaBr(aq)

 Practice
 Write the complete ionic and net ionic
equations for the example:
HBr(aq) + NaOH(aq)  H2O (l) + NaBr(aq)
 Reactions that Form Gases
 Double-replacement reactions
 Gas-producing
 Common gases:
– Carbon dioxide
– Hydrogen cyanide
– Hydrogen sulfide
 Practice
 Write the complete and net ionic equations
for this gas-producing reaction:
2HI(aq) + Li2S(aq)  H2S(g) + 2LiI(aq)
 Homework
 47-51 on page 299