DEDUCTIVE AND

INDUCTIVE REASONING
 Answer the
following
Rebus Puzzles
Green Grass
Down Hill
TOP SECRET
Man in the Moon

MOMANON
FIRST AID
INDUCTIVE REASONING
The process of generating a conclusion
based on an observable pattern in a
given set of data.
This means that from a given set of
specific information or statements, you
should be able to conclude a general
statement through finding a pattern(s).
EXAMPLE #1
One of the top three airlines has announced that it will be
offering promo flights from June 30 to July 31. it is advised
that to avail the promo ticket, passengers should check
online the specific time of every corresponding data
where promo tickets will be sold. The airline presented
the time and date for the first week of ticket sale.
DATE June 30 July 1 July 2 July 3 July 4 July 5
TIME 2:15PM 3:30PM 4:45PM 6:00PM 7:15PM 8:30PM

If you are planning to book a flight on July 8, at what time

should you be online to get a promo ticket?
Generalization:
The pattern that there is an interval
of 1 hr and 15 minutes for each
succeeding day starting June 30,
therefore, following the sequence of
pattern, you have to be online in
order to get the promo ticket at
exactly 12:15AM
EXAMPLE #2
Determine the number of toothpicks needed on
the 8th figure of the sequence.
Formulate an equation or rule which generalizes
the toothpick pattern by following the
procedures
How many toothpicks are needed for the 8 term th

in the sequence. Verify it by creating the figure

that corresponds to the 8th term, then generate a
rule for determining the number of toothpicks.
According to PAGASA, Typhoon Sendong
and Typhoon Pablo are among the
deadliest typhoons in the Philippine
history. They hit the country in Dec 2011
and Dec 2012, respectively. Is it safe to
conclude that the strongest typhoon in the
Philippines in 2013 also arrived in the
month of December?
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
The process of showing that
certain statements follow
logically from agreed upon
assumptions or proven facts.
Came from the root word
“deduce” which means to infer
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
Syllogism can be applied in
deductive reasoning. A syllogism
is an argument composed of three
statements: a major premise, a
minor premise, and a conclusion.
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
MAJOR PREMISE – general
statement
MINOR PREMISE – particular
statement
From these two statements, the
CONCLUSION is deduced.
As a general rule for syllogism:
The major premise contains p
implies q.
The minor premise contains r
implies p.
The conclusion would be r
implies q to transitive property.
Example 1: What can you conclude?
All mammals produce milk for their
babies.
Women are mammals.
MaP – ALL mammals produce milk for their
babies.
MiP – Women are mammals.
Conc – Women produce milk for babies.
Example 2: What can you conclude?
All reptiles are cold-blooded animals.
Snakes are reptiles.
MaP – ALL reptiles are cold-blooded animals
MiP – Snakes are reptiles.
Conc – Snakes are cold-blooded animals
Example 3: What can you conclude?
Filipinos are hospitable.
Patricia is a Filipino.
MaP – Filipinos are hospitable.
MiP – Patricia is a Filipino.
Conc – Patricia is hospitable.
Example 4: What can you conclude?
All quadrilaterals are four-sided
polygons.
A rectangle is a quadrilateral.
MaP – All quadrilaterals are four-sided
polygons.
MiP – A rectangle is a quadrilateral.
Conc – A rectangle is a four-sided polygon.
Example 5: What can you conclude?
All animals are living things.
A dog is an animal.
MaP – All animals are living things.
MiP – A dog is an animal.
Conc – A dog is a living thing.
Example 6:
“If angles form a linear pair, then they
are supplementary” is the major
premise and “If angles form a linear
pair, then their sum is 180°” is the
conclusion, what could be the minor
premise?
Example 6:
MaP - If angles form a linear pair, then
they are supplementary
Conc - If angles form a linear pair, then
their sum is 180°.”
MiP – If angles are supplementary,
then their sum is 180°.
Example 1:

All spheres are

round.
The moon is sphere.
Example 2:

Every whole number

is an integer.
5 is a whole number.
Example 3:

Vertical angles are

congruent.
Angles C and D are
vertical angles.
Example 4:

Acute angles are angles

that measure less than
90°.
∠ABC is an acute angle.
INDUCTIVE vs. DEDUCTIVE