Web-based Class Project

on Ground Improvement
Deep Soil Mixing for Retention of
Excavations
Prepared by:

Alex Willets Stefano Bruni

Report prepared as part of course
CEE 542: Soil and Site Improvement
With the Support of:
Winter 2014 Semester
Instructor: Professor Dimitrios Zekkos
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
University of Michigan
 More Information
More detailed technical information on this project can be found at:
http://
www.geoengineer.org/education/web-based-class-projects/select-topics-in-gr
ound-improvement
Deep Soil Mixing for Retention
of Excavations
 Overview
Concepts of DSM and SMW
• Compile and analyze 4 case studies
• Present findings
• Analyze trends
 Overview
• DMM In situ improvement
• Technique based on:
1. Geometry
2. Type and state of binder
3. Method of mixing
 Overview
• Synthesis
• High performance demands
• Equipment/Method of injection
• Design concerns
• Structural Support/Reinforcement
• State and properties of stabilizers
• Success and Quality Control
 Background Info
• Other wall types

Slurry Wall Sheet Pile Wall Lagging Wall Secant Wall

 Case Study #1:
Lake Parkway Milwaukee
 Project Overview
• 1000 m long I-794 Extension
• Minimize seepage/provide Retention
• 75 year design life
• Depths 12-18 m
• Site conditions
• Sand, silt, stiff clay
• Water table depths 1m
 Design and Construction
• Staged Construction
• Structural Support
• Soldier beams
• RC wall
• Studs
• Tiebacks/walers
• High w/c slurry
 Results and Quality Control
• Cylinder UCS tests met design 0.50 Mpa
• K as low as 10m/sec
• 25 mm allowable displacement
• Surficial crumbling
 Case Study #2:
PennDOT Excavation
 Project Overview
• State route 54 tunnel underpass
• Historic Mansions 1m from wall
• Limit Noise and Vibration
• Depths 6.7- 9.4 m
• Site Conditions
• Dense sands, gravels, silts
• Water table at depth
 Design and Construction
• Complicated design models
• continuous wall, sheet pile
wall, segmental wall
• Structural Support
• W18x40 Soldier beams
• Pre-stressed horizontal
braces
• Soldier Pile anchorage
 Results and Quality Control

• Settlement was below 10 mm

• 6 mm post-construction lateral movement
• 3.8 MPa UCS from sampling
Case Study #3: Boston Central Artery Bird Island Flats (BIF)

Google
Bird Island Flats (BIF)

McGinn and O’Rourke, 2000

BIF Plan View

O’Rourke and O’Donnell, 1997a

East Wall Soil Profile

McGinn and O’Rourke, 2000

Ground Displacements

McGinn and O’Rourke, 2000

East Wall Base Stabilization

McGinn and O’Rourke, 2000

Reinforcing Buttress

McGinn and O’Rourke, 2000

BIF West Wall

O’Rourke and O’Donnell, 1997b

West Wall Soil Profile

McGinn and O’Rourke, 2000

West Wall Base Stabilization

McGinn and O’Rourke, 2000

West Wall Excavation Performance

O’Rourke and O’Donnell, 1997b

West Wall Excavation Performance

O’Rourke and O’Donnell, 1997b

Deep Rotational Stability

O’Rourke and O’Donnell, 1997b

Case Study #4: Museum of Fine Arts (MFA) Boston Addition

Foster and Partners

MFA Boston Addition

Google
MFA Boston Addition

Weatherby and Zywicki, 2012

MFA Soil Profile

Weatherby and Zywicki, 2012

Structural SMW

Weatherby and Zywicki, 2012

 Conclusions
• Performance demands
• Design concerns
• Lateral movement
• Settlement
• Rotational Instability
• Structural support/reinforcement
• Proper construction