CHAPTER ( 4 )

Describing data
Measures of Dispersion
( Ungrouped data )
(1) Range

Range = Largest value – smallest value

Ex: 38 , 20 , 37 , 64 , 27
Find Range
Sol.:
Range = 64 – 20 = 44
 (2) Mean Deviation ( MD )
∑|x–x|
MD = ‫ــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
n
Where :
X The value of each observation
∑x
X The Arithmetic Mean = ‫ــــــــــــــ‬
n
n Number of observations

| | Absolute value ( neglect the sign )

( always positive )
(-) (+)
‫‪E.x:‬‬ ‫‪4, 7, 1, 9,‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪Find the Mean deviation‬‬
‫‪Sol.‬‬
‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪X–X‬‬ ‫|‪|x–x‬‬
‫‪X–5‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪-1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪-4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪-1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪Zero‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪∑x‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬
‫ــــــــــــــــــــــ = ـــــــــــــ = ‪X = 5‬‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫|‪∑|x–x‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــ = ‪ = 2.4‬ــــــــــــــــــــــ = ‪MD‬‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪E.x:‬‬ ‫‪103 , 97 , 101 , 106 ,‬‬ ‫‪103‬‬
‫‪What is the Mean deviation‬‬
‫‪Sol.‬‬
‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪X–X‬‬ ‫|‪|x–x‬‬
‫‪X – 102‬‬
‫‪103‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪97‬‬ ‫‪-5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪101‬‬ ‫‪-1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪106‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪103‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪510‬‬ ‫‪Zero‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪∑x‬‬ ‫‪510‬‬
‫ــــــــــــــــــــــ = ـــــــــــــ = ‪X = 102‬‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫|‪∑|x–x‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــ = ــــــــــــ = ‪MD = 2.4‬‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
(3) Variance and standard deviation
Variance
∑ ( x – x )2
S2 = ‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
n–1

Standard deviation S = S2

x Value of an observation in the sample

∑x
X Arithmetic Mean = ‫ــــــــــــــ‬
n
n No. of observations
Relative Dispersion :

Coefficient of variation
S
C.V = ‫ ـــــــــــــ‬x 100 %
x

S Standard deviation
X Mean
‫‪Ex:‬‬ ‫‪2, 6, 4, 3, 5‬‬
‫‪Find variance ( S2 ),standard deviation( S ) and‬‬
‫) ‪coefficient of variation ( C.V‬‬
‫‪Sol.‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪X–X‬‬ ‫‪( x – x )2‬‬
‫‪X–4‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪-1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪Zero‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪∑x‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫ــــــــــــــــــــــ = ـــــــــــــ = ‪X = 4‬‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪∑ ( x – x )2‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــ = ــــــــــــ = ــــــــــــ = ‪S2 = 2.5‬‬
‫‪n -1‬‬ ‫‪5 -1‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫=‪S‬‬ ‫‪S2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪2.5‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪1.58‬‬

‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪1.58‬‬
‫×‪C.V = 39.5 = 100‬‬ ‫‪%‬ــــــــــــــــــــــ ×‪ = 100‬ـــــــــــــ‬
‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪Ex:‬‬ ‫‪2,‬‬ ‫‪10 , 6 ,‬‬ ‫‪8,‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪Find variance ( S2 ),‬‬
‫) ‪standard deviation ( S ) and coefficient of variation ( C.V‬‬
‫‪Sol.‬‬
‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪X–X‬‬ ‫‪( x – x )2‬‬
‫‪X–7‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪-5‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪-1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪Zero‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬
‫‪∑x‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬
‫ــــــــــــــــــــــ = ـــــــــــــ = ‪X = 7‬‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪∑ ( x – x )2‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬
‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــ = ــــــــــــ = ــــــــــــ = ‪S2 = 10‬‬
‫‪n–1‬‬ ‫‪5–1‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫=‪S‬‬ ‫‪S2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪3.16‬‬

‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪3.16‬‬
‫×‪C.V = 45.14 = 100‬‬ ‫‪%‬ــــــــــــــــــــــ ×‪ = 100‬ـــــــــــــ‬
‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬
 EXERCISES
(1) Find the Range Ans.
a) 50 , 40 , 60 , 30 30
b) 38 , 24 , 37 , 64 , 27 40
c) 51 , 53 , 54 , 51 , 75 , 61 24
(2) Find the Mean deviation (MD)
10 , 12 , 17 , 15 , 11 2.4
(3) Find the variance (S2) ,the standard deviation (S) and
Coefficient of variation ( c.v )
a) 38 , 26 , 13 , 41 , 22
b) 75 , 78 , 72 , 83 , 90
c) 8 , 3 , 7 , 3 , 4
(4) 103 , 97 , 101 , 106 , 103
Find Range, MD, S2 , S 9. 2.4 , 11 , 3.32