Mechanical Engineering

Technology.
 Topic: Drilling.

WELCOME
Mechanical Engineering
Technology.
 Topic: Drilling.
 Objectives: Students should be able to:
 1. State the definition for drilling
 2.identify the parts of the drilling machine.
 3. identify three types of drilling Machines
 4. State at least five (5) safety precautions
that are associated with the drilling
machine.
 Drilling
 Drilling machines, also called drill
presses, cut holes in metal with a twist
drill. They also use a variety of other
cutting tools to perform the following
basic hole-machining operations: (1)
reaming, (2) boring, (3) counter-boring,
(4) countersinking, and (5) tapping
internal threads with the use of a
tapping attachment
 Drilling
Drilling is the process of cutting
holes in metals by using a drilling
machine.
Drills are the tools used to cut
away fine shavings of material as
the drill advances in a rotational
motion through the material.
 Boring
Boring. Boring always
involves the enlarging of
an existing hole, which
may have been made by a
drill or may be the result of
a core in a casting.
Pedestal Type
Drilling Machine
 Drilling
Machines

Radial Drilling
Machine
CNC
Drilling
Machine
Parts of the Bench Drilling
Machine
Drilling Machine.
 Drive
An electric motor provides the
drive through belt and pulley to the
spindle. The range of speeds will
vary with different sizes and makes
of machines from 4 to 10, a typical
speed range being 300 r.p.m. to
2000 r.p.m.
 The Table
Made of cast iron, may be circular
or rectangular in shape and is
provided with slots to allow for the
bolting down of the vice or
workpiece. The table may be
locked at any position on the
column and is sometimes capable
of being swung round and locked
at any desired angle.
Precautions For Drilling.
 Twist drill must be clamped in the
drill chuck tightly
 The workpiece to be drilled must
be firmly secured by vice, or
clamps.
 Drill guard must be closed before
switch on the machine.
 Precautions cont.
 Use the correct drilling speed and
apply suitable drilling force It is
advisable to release the drill
occasionally, lift the drill, and clear
the hole of cutting.
 Apply cutting fluid in the cutting
except for drilling Cast iron.
 Take care, when the drill is nearly
penetrated through the workpiece.
 Twist Drill
The twist drill is made from
High Speed Steel, tempered to
give maximum hardness
throughout the parallel cutting
portion.
Twist Drill
Twist Drills
 Flutes
. Flutes are incorporated to
carry away the chips of metal
and the outside surface is
relieved to produce a cutting
edge along the leading side of
each flute.
Drill Features
 Drill Features
The point of the drill is ground
to an angle of 59 degrees to the
centre line to give two equal
cutting edges, and each side is
ground back to give " relief " of
about 12 degrees to each
cutting edge as shown in figure.
 Drill Features
It is very important that drill
points are central and that
the lip angles are equal and
that the cutting edges are
unchipped and the clearance
angle correct.
 Cutting Speeds.
Material
. Cutting Speed

Mild steel 18 to 25

stainless steel 12 to18

aluminium Up to 300
 Special Type of Drill
Counterbore Drill To form a
flat, or cylindrical recess to
accommodate the head of the
bolt. It is also used to provide a
level base on the rough
surfaces for nuts and washers.
Counterbore Drill
 Countersink Drill.
Countersink Drill To form a conical
shaped recess to enable a
countersunk screw or bolt to fit
flush with the surface of the work.
 Reamers
Reamer is made of
hardened High Carbon
Steel or High Speed Steel.
It is classified into hand
reamer and machine
reamer.
 Functions of reamer
Functions of reamer are
to control the diameter of a hole
to improve the internal surface
finish
to improve the roundness of the
hole
 Hand reamer
Hand reamer has two types of
flutes: - straight and spiral
flutes. The spiral flutes hand
reamer has a left hand spiral
flutes. The purpose of the
design is to prevent the reamer
"screw in" the hole.
Hand reamer
 Machine reamer
Machine reamer has a
straight shank or taper shank
(Morse taper). The taper
shank can fit directly into the
spindle of a machine while
the straight shank is hold by
the collet.
Machine reamer
 Expanding
Reamer/Adjustable
Reamer.
The cutting diameter can be
slightly varied by adjusting an
inner taper against the loss cutting
blades as shown in figure. This
type is used primarily for repetitive
work to maintain a consistent size
throughout.
 Expanding
Reamer/Adjustable
Reamer
Drilling