Mixtures

• An element is a substance which is composed of only one

type of atom. E.g. Oxygen, Iron, lead.
• A compound consists of two or more different elements
chemically combined e.g. Water, Carbon dioxide, Iron oxide.

Elements • A mixture consists of two or more substances that are not

chemically combined e.g. air, salt water, soil.

Compounds
and
Mixtures
 • A pure substance is composed of only one type of material.
• This material could be an element or a compound.
• E.g. Pure water, Pure oxygen.

Pure • A mixture consists of more than one type of substance.

Substances
and
Mixtures
Homogeneous and Heterogeneous
Mixtures
• A homogeneous mixture is one in which the
properties and composition are uniform throughout
the mixture.
• The component parts cannot be distinguished from
each other e.g. salt water, air.
Homogeneous and Heterogeneous
Mixtures
• A heterogeneous mixture is a non-uniform mixture.
• The component parts can be distinguished from
each other.
• E.g. Mud in water, mayonnaise, sand in water. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
What is a mixture

A mixture is a physical
blend of two or more
Most samples of matter
substances each of which
are mixtures rather than
retains its own
pure substances.
composition and
properties.
Differences between mixtures
and pure substances
• Mixtures differ from pure substances because
they have a variable composition.
• While a pure substance consists of only one
chemical, a mixture has two or more, each with
its own properties.
• The composition of a mixture may change
depending on how much of each substance is
present.
• The properties may also change.
Properties of mixtures

The properties are a In a mixture, the

The components keep
In mixtures, the combination of the substances may be
their separate identity
components are not properties of the present in any amount,
and most of their own
chemically combined. different kinds of so that the amount is
properties.
matter in the mixture. not fixed.
Examples of mixtures
• Air is a mixture of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon
dioxide, argon, other gases, and water.
• Brine is a mixture of salt and water.
• Brass is a solid mixture of copper and zinc.
• Gasoline may contain a few or up to 20 different
substances.
• Other examples are granite, vegetable soup,
milk, soft drinks, and syrup.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

Types of mixtures

• Suspension
• Solutions
• Emulsions
• Colloids
Solutions

• A homogeneous mixture in which a

substance called a solute disperses into
its particles (atoms, molecules or ions).
Throughout another substance called a
solvent.
• E.g. Salt water: Salt is the solute, water
is the solvent
• The solute and solvent can be a solid
liquid or gas.
Types of Solutions
Solute Solvent Example Components
Solid Liquid Sea water Sodium chloride in water
Gas Liquid Soda Carbon dioxide in water
Solid Solid Brass Zinc in copper
Liquid Liquid White rum Ethanol in water
Gas Gas Air Oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapour in nitrogen