chapter 1

Definition and Types of

Tourism
Objectives
At the end of this chapter you are expected to:

• Understand what tourism is and its many definitions

• Learn the components of tourism and Tourism
management
• Examine the various approaches to studying tourism
and determine which is of greatest interest to the
individual.
• Appreciate how important this industry is to the
economy of the world and of many countries
• Know the benefits and cost of tourism

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Why Tourism
Is travel and Tourism the
same?
A working definition of travel
and Tourism
• In normal usage tourism and travel and tourism are terms
that relate to exactly the same market and they are used
interchangeably

Tourism comprises the activities of persons travelling to and

staying in places outside their usual environment for not more
than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other
purposes.

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The UN definition pulls together the three main elements of travel
and tourism
• The visitor activity is concerned only with aspects of life
outside normal routines of work and social commitments,
and outside the location of those routines.
• The activity necessitates travel and, in nearly every case,
some of transport to the destination.
• Specific destinations are the focus for a range of activities
and a range of facilities have a combination of economic,
social and physical environmental impacts that are the basis
for tourism policy and visitor management programs

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Five important points are
stressed in relation to the
definition
• There is nothing in it that restricts the total market to
overnight; it includes same- day visits
• There is nothing in it that restricts the total market to
travel for leisure or pleasure
• All tourism includes an element of travel but all travel
is not tourism.

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• Travel and tourism absorbs large elements of individual
leisure time and encompasses many recreational activities,
but is not synonymous to either because the bulk of all
leisure and recreation takes place in or around the home
• All travel and tourism trips are temporary movements; the
bulk of the total market comprises trips of no more than a
few hours or nights' duration

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Four identified different
perspective of tourism

• The Tourist. The tourist seeks various psychic and physical

experiences and satisfactions. the nature of these will largely
determine the destinations chosen and the activities enjoyed.
• The business providing tourist goods and services. Business
people see tourism as an opportunity to make a profit by
supplying the goods and services that the tourist market
demands.

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3. The government Politicians view tourism as a wealth factor in
the economy of their jurisdictions. Their perspective is related to
the income their citizens can earn from this business. politicians
also consider the following:

• foreign exchange receipts from international tourist

• tax reciepts collected from tourist expenditures

The government can play an important role in tourism policy,

development, promotion and implementation

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 4. The host community. Local people usually see tourism as a
cultural and employment factor.

Tourism is a composite of activities, services and industries that

deliver a travel experience:

• transportation
• accommodation
• food and beverage establishments
• shops
• entertainment
• activity facilities

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Tourism also encompasses both the visitor and providers of
visitor related services.

Tourism is a whole world industry.

Tourism is the sum total of tourist expenditures within the

borders of a nation or political subdivision or transportation-
centered economic area of contagious state or nations.

Tourism is also considered as an income multiplier of these

tourist expenditures

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International tourism

Outbound tourism
Visits by residents of a country to another country

Inbound Tourism
Visits to a country by non- residents

Domestic tourism
Visits by residents of a country to their own country

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Traveler Terminology for International Tourism
• All types of travelers engaged in tourism is called a visitor, a term that constituates
the basic concept of the entire system of tourism statistics.
• Internal Visitors are persons who travel for a period not exceeding twelve months to
a country other than one in which they generally reside and whose main purpose is
other than exercise of an activity remunerated from whithin the place visited

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These visitors are divided into sub categories:

• Same day visitors. Visitors who do not spend the night in collective or private
accommodation in the country.

• Tourist. Visitors who stay in the country visited for at least one night.

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Tourism Chain
• Travel Agent. Typically a generalist "shop" or chain of
retail outlets that offers a broad range of domestic and
international travel services to consumers who can drop in
for a face to face discussion. they normally sell the
programs of an outbound operator.

• The outbound Operator. Typically an operator who

specializes in a particular geographic region or a specific
activity. They will put together a complete package
which includes. a plane ticket , include a tour leader to
accompany the clients

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• The inbound Operator. Located in the destination
country , they provide a complete packages of services
from the arrival country to departure. They have their own
facilities or may subcontract others.

• Local Service providers. These is where local

communities typically join the tourism chain.

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Types of tourism
Adventure Tourism
Is a type of niche tourism involving
exploration or travel to remote areas,
where the traveler should expect the
unexpected.
Agri-Tourism
This is a style oif vacation in which the
traveler stays on the farm. it includes
staying on a farm or enggaging to farm
related activities.
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Archeological Tourism
This is an alternative form of cultural
tourism, which aims to promote the
passion for historical - archeology and
conservation of historical sites.
Art Tourism
It's a type that focuses on having
exposure to the different forms of art like
paintings, sculpture and other forms of
art.
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Atomic Tourism
This is a relatively new style of tourism
in which the tourists travel to significant
sites in atomic history. These involves
places that involves atomic explosions
Black or Grief Tourism
This involves visiting sites associated
with suffering and death

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Book Tourism Culinary Tourism
This is the type of cultural tourism that This refers to travel of which purpose is
promotes books as a travel destination to pursue a unique and memorable
dining.

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Cultural or Heritage Disaster Tourism
This involves visiting area that have
Tourism
been affected by floods, hurricanes,
involves immersion in a society's
volcanoes and more and inclusive
lifestyle, its peoples history, its art and
tourism, which is tourism accessible t6o
architecture, its religion and any other
the disabled.
elements that shaped its people.

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Domestic Tourism
Traveling within the national boundary.
People who participate in domestic
tourism are called domestic tourist
Ecotourism
This travel to fragile, pristine and usually
protected areas that strives to be low impact.
It helps educate the traveler, provides funds
for conservation; directly benefits the
economic and political empowerment of
local communities and fosters respect to
culture and human rights. 2
Educational Tourism Events Tourism
This kind of tourism of which the This type of tourism allows the traveler to
purpose is learning and enriching travel destinations to attend and have an
knowledge. actual participation.

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Drug Tourism Gay Tourism
This is the travel for the purpose of A form of niche tourist that is marketed
obtaining or using drugs for personal use towards gay people .
that are unavailable or illegal to ones
jurisdiction.

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Sex Tourism
Traveling for the sole purpose of sex.
Geo Tourism
as tourism that sustains or enhances the
distinctive geographical character of a place
—its environment, heritage, aesthetics,
culture, and the well-being of its residents.
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Health Tourism
AKA Medical Tourism, this form of
tourism describes the practice of leaving
the country to get health care.
International Tourism
Travelling across the national boundary.
People who travel and stay to countries other
than their normal country of residence for
less than a year.
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Music Tourism Pop- Culture Tourism
This is the act of visiting a city or town This is the act of travelling to locations
in rder to see a gig which are featured in film , literature, music
or any other popular entertainment.

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Poverty tourism
This is the type of Tourism in which
tourist go to less develop places to
observe people living in poverty.
Religious Tourism
AKA faith tourism is a type of tourism
encompasses people of faith who travel
independently or in groups to holy cities or
holy sites for fellowship, missionary or
pilgrimage.
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Space Tourism Sports Tourism
Is the recent phenomenon of tourist is where people travel for a sports event
paying for space travel, primarily for outside of their normal environment
personal satisfaction.

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Sustainable Tourism
• Sustainable Tourism involves sustaining a culture's population, employment and
positive local experiences for both residents and tourist
• It's code of ethics include "first, do no harm". It is the Foundation for destination
stewardship.

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• Sustainable tourism protects its product which is the destination. by anticipating
development pleasures and applying management teechniques that preserves natural
habitats, heritage sites, scenic appeal and local culture

• It conserves resources. Environmentally aware businesses that reduce pollution,

waste, energy consumption, water usage, landscaping and chemicals

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• It respects local culture and tradition. Foreign visitors learn local etiquette including
at least a few courtesy words in the local language . residents wil learn to deal with
foreign expectations that may differ from their own.

• It aims for quality not quantity. Destinations measure tourism's success not just by
numbers of visitors, but by length of stay, how they spend their money, and the
quality of their experience.

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Thank you
for listening!