Composition of solids, liquids & gases

Mass fraction ( weight fraction)

 composition of solid & liquid mixtures

Sum of mass fraction of all components =1

Mass percent ( weight percent)

• No.of parts by wt. of component in 100 parts

by weight of the mixture.
Mass percent = 100 X mass fraction
Mass Ratio
• Expresses concentration in binary mixture
• For a binary mixture of A & B
Mass ratio = mass of A / mass of B
 Mole fraction & Mole percent

• Applicable to solid, liquid & gaseous mixtures

• Mole fraction of a component = (No. of moles
of that component)/ Total moles
• Sum of mole fractions of components in a
mixture = 1
• Mole percent = mole fraction x 100
• Mole ratio = Moles of A/ Moles of B
 Volume fraction & volume percent

• Volume fraction = VA/ V

where VA = pure component volume of A
V = Total Volume
Both are measured at same temperature & pressure
• For gas mixtures, Volume fraction = mole fraction
• Volume percent = volume fraction X 100
 Partial Pressure
• Pressure that would be exerted by one of the
gases in a mixture if it occupied the same
volume on its own.
• Only for expressing the composition of gas
mixture
• Partial pressure = mole fraction x total pressure
• Sum of the partial pressures of components in
a gas mixture = total pressure
 Concentration in a Solution
Molarity

the number of moles of solute per litre of solution
 gm moles of solute/ volume of solution in litre

Molality

No. of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent

Normality

the number of gram equivalents of solute per litre of solution

Weight / litre = normality x equivalent weight

Parts per million ( ppm)


1ppm = 1mg/litre