CARDIOVASCULAR &

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
(GROSS & GENERAL
ANATOMY)
DR AREEBA YOUNUS
MBBS (KMDC)
LECTURER ANATOMY
BUHS
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSEM

 It is a transport system of body

 Components
 Heart
 Blood vessels
1. Arteries
2. Veins
3. Capillaries
HEART

 Muscular hollow organ that pumps blood

 Plays major role in systemic & pulmonary circulation
 Division
1. Receiving chamber ( 2 atria )
2. Pumping chamber (2 ventricles)
 Anatomical position: It is positioned posteriorly to the
body of the sternum with one-third situated on the right and
two-thirds on the left of the midline.
BLOOD VESSELS:

 A tubular channel which allow blood to flow

 ARTERY:
 Carries oxygenated blood away from heart (except pulmonary & umblical artery)
 Types
1. Elastic/conducting arteries
2. Muscular /distributing arteries
3. Arterioles /resistance vessel
GENERAL STRUCTURE OF ARTERY

 Consist of 3 layers
1. Tunica intima :
innermost layer, comprise of simple squamous epithelium
called endothelium
2. Tunica media :
middle layer, contain smooth muscle layer
differentiating layer
3. Tunica adventitia :
outermost layer ,contain connective tissue to anchor arteries
to nearby areas
TYPES OF ARTERIES & VEINS
VEINS:

They carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart (except)

 General anatomy
thin walled
Large lumen
Veins of lower limb contain valves
 Types
1. Large vein
2. Medium
3. Small
Examples?
HISTOLOGY OF VEIN

 Tunica externa. This is the outer layer of the vein wall, and it’s also the thickest. It’s mostly made
up of connective tissue. The tunica externa also contains tiny blood vessels called vasa vasorum
that supply blood to the walls of your veins.

Tunica media. The tunica media is the middle layer. It’s thin and contains a large amount of
collagen. Collagen is one of the main components of connective tissue.

Tunica intima. This is the innermost layer. It’s a single layer of endothelium cells and some
connective tissue. This layer sometimes contains one-way valves, especially in the veins of your
arms and legs. These valves prevent blood from flowing backward.
CAPILLARIES

 Microscopic network of vessels connect arterioles to venules

 COMPRISE OF:
1. Inner layer of endothelium
2. Outer layer of basement membrane
 Free exchange of nutrients & metabolites across tissue fluid & blood
 Capillaries replaced by sinusoids in some organs like liver & spleen
 Metabolites partly drained by lymphatics & capillaries
 TYPES
1. CONTINUOUS
2. FENESTRATED
3. SINUSOIDS
4. EXAMPLES?
ANASTOMOSIS

 PRE or POST capillaries communication b/w neighbouring vessels

 Provides paths for collateral circulation
 TYPES
1. ARTERIAL ANASTOMOSIS –actual arterial anastomosis
_potential arterial anastomosis
2. VENOUS ANASTOMOSIS
3. ARTERIOVENOUS ANASTOMOSIS(SHUNT)
Terminologies

 Tributaries : veins are formed by tributaries

 Vasa vasorum : nutrient vessels to veins & arteries
 Nervi vascularis: nerve supply to artery
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

 DRAINAGE SYSTEM accessory to nervous system

 10-20% of tissue fluid containing large molecules like protein are drained by lymphatic system
 COMPONENTS :
1. LYMPH VESSELS
2. Superficial – accompany veins
3. Deep-accompany arteries
 Central lymphoid tissue
 Peripherallymphoid organs
 Circulating pool of lymphocytes
Lymphatic drainage