Contoh 2

Types of Supports
R(H) Pin

R(V)
Roller

R(V)
M

R(H) Fixed Support

R(V)

2
 Contoh : 1

20 kN

2m 2m B
A C

3
 20 kN

2m 2m B
A C

Free Body Diagram

20 kN

Rax

Ray Rby

2m C 2m B
A

4
Free Body Diagram
20 kN

Rax

Ray Rby

2m 2m B
A C
→
∑Fx =0
Rax – 0 = 0
Rax = 0 kN - Equation (i)

↑∑Fy =0
Ray + Rby – 20 = 0
Ray + Rby = 20 kN - Equation (ii)

5
∑Ma =0 atau Ma = Ma
20 (2) - Rby (4) =0
Rby = 40 / 4
= 10 kN

From equation (ii)

Ray + Rby = 20 kN Replace Rby = 10 kN

Ray + Rby = 20
Ray = 20 – Rby
Ray = 20 – 10
Ray = 10 kN

Than, Ray = 10 kN Rby = 10 kN

6
 Contoh : 2

10 kN 20 kN

A 1m C 2m D 1m B

7
 10 kN 20 kN

A 1m C 2m D 1m B

Free Body Diagram

10 kN 20 kN

Rax

Ray Rby

A 1m C 2m D 1m B

8
Free Body Diagram
10 kN 20 kN

Rax

Ray Rby

A 1m C 2m D 1m B

→
∑Fx =0
Rax – 0 = 0
Rax = 0 kN - Equation (i)

↑∑Fy =0
Ray + Rby – 10 – 20 =0
Ray + Rby = 30 kN - Equation (ii)

9
∑Ma =0 atau Ma = Ma
10 (1) + 20 (3) - Rby (4) =0
- Rby (4) = - 10 (1) - 20 (3)

Rby = 70 / 4
= 17.5 kN

From equation (ii)

Ray + Rby = 30 kN Replace Rby = 17.5 kN

Ray + Rby = 30 kN
Ray = 30 – 17.5
Ray = 12.5

Than, Ray = 12.5 kN Rby = 17.5 kN

10
 Contoh : 3

20 kN 20 kN
50°

A 1m C 1m D 1m B

11
 20 kN 20 kN
50°

A 1m C 1m D 1m B

Free Body Diagram

20 kN 20 kN
50°
Rbx

Ray Rby

A 1m C 1m D 1m B
12
 Fv
20 kN 20 kN
50°

Fh Fh

Fv 40° 20 kN
A 1m C 1m D 1m B

Free Body Diagram

Kos 40 = Fv / 20 kN Sin 40 = Fh / 20 kN
Kos 40 * 20 kN = Fv Sin 40 * 20 kN = Fh
Fv = 0.766 * 20 kN Fh = 0.643 * 20 kN
Fv = 15.321 kN Fh = 12.856 kN

13
 Fh

Fv 40° 20 kN

Free Body Diagram

Fv : 15.321 kN
20 kN
Fh : 12.856 kN
Rbx

Ray Rby

A 1m C 1m D 1m B

14
Free Body Diagram Fv : 15.321 kN
20 kN
Fh : 12.856 kN
Rbx

Ray Rby

A 1m C 1m D 1m B
→
∑Fx =0
– Fh – Rbx =0
Rbx = – 12.856 kN - Equation (i)

↑∑Fy =0
Ray + Rby – 20 – 15.321 = 0
Ray + Rby = 35.321 kN - Equation (ii)

15
∑Ma =0 atau Ma = Ma

20 (1) + 15.321 (2) - Rby (3) =0

- Rby (3) = - 20 (1) – 15.321 (2)
Rby = 50.642 / 3
Rby = 16.881 kN

From equation (ii)

Ray + Rby = 35.321 kN Replace Rby = 16.881 kN

Ray + Rby = 35.321 kN

Ray = 35.321 – 16.881
Ray = 18.44 kN

Than, Ray = 18.44 kN Rby = 16.881 kN

16
 Contoh : 4

10 kN/m

A 3m B

17
 10 kN/m

A 3m B

Free Body Diagram

10 (3) = 30 kN (Andaian Titik Tindakan)

1.5 m
10 kN/m

Rax

Ray Rby

A 3m B
18
 10 (3) = 30 kN (Andaian Titik Tindakan)
Free Body Diagram
1.5 m
10 kN/m

Rax

Ray Rby

A 3m B
→
∑Fx =0
Rax + 0 = 0
Rax = 0 kN - Equation (i)

↑∑Fy =0
Ray + Rby – 30 = 0
Ray + Rby = 30 kN - Equation (ii)

19
∑Ma =0 atau Ma = Ma

10 (3) * (1.5) - Rby (3) =0

Rby = 30 (1.5) / 3
Rby = 15 kN

From equation (ii)

Ray + Rby = 30 kN Replace Rby = 15 kN

Ray + Rby = 30 kN
Ray = 30 – 15
Ray = 15 kN

Than, Ray = 15 kN Rby = 15 kN

20
 Contoh : 5

20 kN/m

A 1m C 2m B

21
 20 kN/m

A 1m C 2m B

Free Body Diagram

20 (2) = 40 kN (Andaian Titik Tindakan)

1m
20 kN/m

Rax

Ray Rby

A 1m C 2m B
22
Free Body Diagram 20 (2) = 40 kN (Andaian Titik Tindakan)

1m
20 kN/m

Rax

Ray Rby

A 1m C 2m B
→
∑Fx =0
Rax - 0 = 0
Rax = 0 kN - Equation (i)

↑∑Fy =0
Ray + Rby – 20(2) =0
Ray + Rby = 40 kN - Equation (ii)

23
∑Ma =0 atau Ma = Ma

20 (2) * ((2/2) + 1) - Rby (3) =0

Rby (3) = 20 (2) (2)
Rby = 80/3
Rby = 26.667 kN

From equation (ii)

Ray + Rby = 40 kN Replace Rby = 26.667 kN

Ray + Rby = 40 kN
Ray = 40 – 26.667
Ray = 13.333 kN

Than, Ray = 13.333 kN Rby = 26.667 kN

24
 Contoh : 5A

30 kN/m

0.5 m
A 1m C 2m D B

Pelajar mencuba…

25
 30 kN/m

0.5 m
A 1m C 2m D B
Free Body Diagram
30 (2) = 60 kN (Andaian Titik Tindakan)

1m
30 kN/m

Rax

Ray Rby
0.5 m
A 1m C 2m D B

26
Free Body Diagram 20 (2) = 40 kN (Andaian Titik Tindakan)

1m
20 kN/m

Rax

Ray Rby

A 1m C 2m B
→
∑Fx =0
Rax - 0 = 0
Rax = 0 kN - Equation (i)

↑∑Fy =0
Ray + Rby – 20(2) =0
Ray + Rby = 40 kN - Equation (ii)

27
∑Ma =0 atau Ma = Ma

20 (2) * ((2/2) + 1) - Rby (3) =0

Rby (3) = 20 (2) (2)
Rby = 80/3
Rby = 26.667 kN

From equation (ii)

Ray + Rby = 40 kN Replace Rby = 26.667 kN

Ray + Rby = 40 kN
Ray = 40 – 26.667
Ray = 13.333 kN

Than, Ray = 13.333 kN Rby = 26.667 kN

28
29
 Shear
A B
20 kN
5 15

A B
A B

RA = 20x15/20 = 15 kN RB = 20x5/20 = 5 kN

15 kN 5 kN
A B

15 kN 5 kN
∑V = 0

30
 Shear Diagram
20 kN

15 kN 5 kN

15 kN
20 kN

5 kN

31
 Bending Moment
20 kN
5 15

15 kN 5 kN

15 kN

a ∑V = 0
15 kN
∑M = 0

15a kNm

15 kN

15 kN

32
 Bending Moment Design
20 kN
5 15
5 kN
15 kN

15x5 =
15 kN
75 kNm 20 kN

5x15 = 75 kNm 5 kN

75 kNm

33
Span Classification

Deflection

Shear

Moment

Continuous Span

34
Span Classification

Deflection

Shear

Moment

Cantilever

35
 Stress in Steel
COMPRESSION

YIELD STRESS

LENGTHEN SHORTEN

YIELD STRESS

TENSION

36
 Steel Bridge Members
ROLLED BEAM ROLLED BEAM WITH
COVER PLATES

RIVETED PLATE GIRDER

WELDED PLATE GIRDER

BOX GIRDER

37
Steel Beams – Bending Stress

ROLLED BEAM

ROLLED BEAM WITH COVER PLATES

WELDED PLATE GIRDER WITH VARYING FLANGE SIZES

38
Steel Beams – Compression Stress
COMPRESSION FLANGE

CROSS BRACING

39
Steel Beams – Shear Stress
BEARING STIFFENERS

INTERMEDIATE
STIFFENERS
LONGITUDINAL
STIFFENERS

40
Composite Beam
CONCRETE DECK SHEAR STUDS

STEEL BEAM

41
 Stress in Concrete
COMPRESSION

STRESS

LENGTHEN SHORTEN

TENSION

42
Concrete Bridge Members

SOLID CONCRETE SLAB

CONCRETE T-GIRDER

43
Concrete Bridge Members

“A” GIRDER “G” GIRDER

“E” GIRDER “H”, “HC”, “VH” GIRDER

44
 Concrete Beams – Bending Stress

TENSION CRACK (Typ)

REINFORCING STEEL

45
 Concrete Beams – Shear Stress

TENSION CRACKS
SHEAR CRACK (Typ)
REINFORCING STEEL

46
 Prestressed Concrete
FORMS
Prestressing steel

Tensioning Operation

Cracks if Concrete crushes

prestress too high if
prestress too high
May split

Prestress Transfer

47
 Anchorage Stress
Tensile
Disturbed Region Compressive
b

h fx = P/bh
P

48
 Anchorage Stress

Bursting Zone

0.34
0.30

0.20

0.10
Spalling Zone 0.05

49
 Anchorage Stress
Tensile

Compressive

50
 Anchorage Stress

2
Concentrated
Load

Possible Tension Cracks

51
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
BRIDGE MEMBERS
SHEAR KEY
SHEAR KEY

CHANNEL SHAPED
FC, VF, LF, FM GIRDER BOX GIRDER
(RD & RM)

CAST-IN-PLACE DECK

DBT GIRDER
O GIRDER

52
Prestressed Concrete Bridge Members
CAST-IN-PLACE DECK

NU GIRDER

PT DUCT

ENDS OF GIRDERS

PIER

53
Thermal Stress

INCREASE IN LENGTH

DECREASE IN LENGTH

54
 Thermal Stress
DECK JOINT

EXP. BEARING
EXP. BEARING

FXD. BEARING PIER

ABUTMENT ABUTMENT

55
 Thermal Stress
DECK JOINT

BEARING BEARING
PIER

ABUTMENT ABUTMENT

56
 Stress in Concrete
APPROACH BRIDGE DECK APPROACH
SLAB SLAB

CONTROL
CONTROL JOINT
JOINT

57
END

58