SUMMARY REPORT

RITIK
CNC/IPC/20
CNC

 CNC: COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL

 It is a manufacturing process in which pre-programmed computer software dictates the movement of factory tools
and machinery.
 In CNC manufacturing, machines are operated via numerical control, wherein a software program is designated to
control an object.
Types of CNC Machine

 Conventional CNC Machines

 Non-Conventional CNC Machines
 Based on number of axis
Conventional CNC Machine

 These machines uses cutting tools which makes physical contact with the workpiece.
 Examples:
1. Turning CNC Machine
2. Horizontal and Vertical CNC Milling Machine
3. CNC Turn Mill Machine
4. CNC Router Machine
Non - Conventional CNC Machine

 These machine uses cutting tools which doesn’t makes a physical contact with the workpiece.
 Example:
1. CNC Plasma
2. CNC Laser
3. CNC Water Jet Machine
4. Electric Discharge Machine
CNC based on Axis

 3 Axis CNC Machine

 4 Axis CNC Machine
 5 Axis CNC Machine
Applications of CNC

 Precision Manufacturing
 Defense Manufacturing
 Automobile Manufacturing
 Medical Industry
 Metal Removal Industry
Advantages of CNC

 Machining is accurate
 Time taken to perform a task is very less
 Safe to operate
 Low maintenance cost
 Very complex designs can be made with precision
 Avoid human error
Disadvantages of CNC

 Machine cost
 Trained operator is required to operate machine
 Expensive tools
 Computer and programming knowledge is required
CNC Machine Elements

 Machine Control Unit(MCU)

 Input Device
 Part Program
 Driving System
 Machine tool
 Feedback System
 Turning

 Turning is a form of machining, a material removal

process, which is used to create rotational parts by
cutting away unwanted material.
Turning Parameters

 Cutting Speed: This criterion measures the number of feet the tool passes over the surface of the work piece per
minute in Surface Feet per Minute (SFM).
 Cutting Feed: This parameter measures the distance undertaken by the cutting tool for every single revolution.
 Spindle Speed: The rotational speed of the spindle and the workpiece in revolutions per minute (RPM).
 Feed Rate: It is defined as the speed of the cutting tool when it cuts through the material.
Turning Operations

 Turning: A single-point turning tool moves axially, along the side of the workpiece, removing material to form different
features, including steps, tapers, chamfers, and contours.
 Facing: A single-point turning tool moves radially, along the end of the workpiece, removing a thin layer of material to
provide a smooth flat surface.
 Grooving: A single-point turning tool moves radially, into the side of the workpiece, cutting a groove equal in width to
the cutting tool.
 Thread Cutting: A single-point threading tool, typically with a 60 degree pointed surface moves axially, along the side
of the workpiece, cutting threads into the outer surface.
 Drilling: A drill enters the workpiece axially through the end and cuts a hole with a diameter equal to that of the tool.
 Reaming: A reamer enters the workpiece axially through the end and enlarges an existing hole to the diameter of the tool.
Clamping Systems

 Clamping methods for indexable inserts:

Lever Lock System Screw Clamp Top Clamp Wedge Lock System
Types of Tools

 Based on direction:
1. Right hand Tool
2. Neutral Tool
3. Left hand Tool
 Based on Machined Surface:
1. Outside Dia turning tool
2. Inside Dia turning tool
Milling

 Milling is a machining process that involves the use of

cutting tools that are rotated at a set speed and then
brought into contact with a work piece.
Milling Operations

 End Milling
 Chamfer Milling
 Drilling
 Face Milling
 Tapping
 Boring
 Reaming
Milling Machine Axis

 Machine Axis are determined using “right hand thumb rule”.

1. Right hand thumb points towards the positive X-axis.
2. Index finger points towards positive Y-axis.
3. Middle finger points towards positive Z-axis.
G-Code and M-Code

 G-Code:  M-Code: Controls all machine’s non-geometrical actions

G00: Rapid Motion Position M03: Spindle ON(clockwise direction)
G01: Linear Motion M04: Spindle ON(anti clockwise direction)
G02: CW Circulation Interpolation Motion M05: Spindle Stop
G03: CCW Circular Interpolation Motion
M06: Tool Change
G90: Incremental dimensioning
M08: Coolant ON
G91: Absolute dimensioning System
M09: Coolant OFF
G70: Inch Dimension input
M30: End of program
G71: Metric Dimension input
G94: Feed rate in mm/min
G95: Feed rate in mm/rev
SINUMERIK 808D

Turning
Machine
CYCLES

 Turning Cycles:  Drilling Cycles:  Milling Cycles:

• Stock Removal • Drill Centering • Face Milling
• Groove • Center Drilling • Center Drilling
• Undercut • Deep Hole Drilling • Deep Hole Drilling
• Thread • Boring • Boring
• Cutoff • Thread • Thread
TURNING CYCLE : STOCK REMOVAL(CYCLE 95)

IMPORTANT PARAMETERS:

NPP: Name of contour subroutine( required shape)

MID: Infeed depth( the depth of material to be

removed in one pass)

FAL: Finishing allowance.

FF1: Federate for roughing.

FF3: Feed rate for finishing.

_VRT: Retract path for contour.

TURNING CYCLE: GROOVE(CYCLE 93)
SPD: Starting point along facing axis.
SPL: Starting point along longitudinal axis
WIDG: Groove width
DIAG: Groove depth
STA1, ANG1/2 are angles on longitudinal and flank
angles respectively
FAL 1/ 2 are finishing allowance on base and flanks
respectively
IDEP: Infeed depth
DTB: Dwell at bottom of groove.

NOTE : Dwell time is the time in seconds in which there is zero feed rate but spindle keeps rotating so that
removed material can come out of the groove or hole.
TURNING CYCLE: UNDERCUT

Cycle 96

Cycle 94
 TURNING CYCLE: CUTOFF( CYCLE 92)
SPD: Starting point along facing axis
SPL: Starting point along longitudinal
DIAG1: Depth of speed reduction(distance from center
after which tool slows down its feed rate because
diameter of workpiece is reduced drastically)
DIAG2: final cutoff depth(taken less than zero)
RC: rounding radius or chamfer(chosen from AMODE)
SDIS: safety distance
SV1: constant cutting speed
SV2: max speed
SDAC: direction of spindle rotation.
FF1: feed to depth for speed reduction(value taken near
40)
FF2: reduced feed depth near axis(less than FF1)
CONTOUR
DRILLING CYCLE: DRILLING CENTERING(CYCLE 81)

RTP: retract plane(the plane at which the tool will

return after completing the task)

RFP: reference plane(the plane at which the tool

will make contact with workpiece)

SDIS: safety distance(after completing one centering the

tool will go for 2nd one at safety distance to other position)

DP: final drilling depth

DRILLING CYCLE: CENTER DRILLING

Center Drilling( Cycle 82) Ream( Cycle 85)

DRILLING CYCLE: BORING

Boring (Cycle 86) Drill with stop 1 ( Cycle87 )

DRILLING CYCLE: BORING

Drill with stop 2 ( Cycle 88 ) Ream 2 ( Cycle 89 )

DESIGNATION FOR TOOL HOLDER
M W N L N 16 16 H 06
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1. Clamping Method for Insert

2. Insert Shape
3. Holder type
4. Clearance angle of Insert
5. Hand of tool holder
6. Height of Shank
7. Width of Shank
8. Length of Holder
9. Length of Insert cutting edge
DESIGNATION FOR INSERT TOOL
C N M G 12 04 08 E N – MP
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1. Turning Insert Shape
2. Normal Clearance
3. Tolerance class
4. Fixing for chip breaker
5. Insert size
6. Insert thickness
7. Insert corner configuration
8. Edge preparation
9. Hand
10. Facet Size
SINUMERIK 808D

MILLING
MACHINE
MILLING CYCLE: FACE MILLING ( CYCLE 71)

 _PA: Starting Point of rectangle, 1st Axis

 _PO: Starting Point of rectangle, 2nd Axis
 _LENG: Length of rectangle in 1st Axis
 _WID: Length of rectangle in 2nd Axis
 _STA: Angle between longitudinal axis and 1st
axis
Thank You…