English Grammar: College of Languages English Department First Stage Instructor: Jiyar Othman

English Department
English Grammar
College of Languages
English Department
First Stage
Instructor: Jiyar Othman
1
Rules and Regulations
• Students are supposed to respect the class and the lecture.
•Laughter without reasons, using cellphone a lot, talking too
much to the extent that bothers other students etc. are NOT
allowed in classroom. If any student does them too much,
s/he WON’T be allowed to attend the lectures and take
monthly EXAM.
•Your contact with me concerning classroom-related issues
must be via your representatives. (holidays, exams, etc.)
• Do NOT ask me for permission via FACEBOOK or my
personal cellphone number or else You will lose points. You
have to take permission from me at college.
-- Do Not argue with me via Facebook or mobile about
grades or any issues related to classroom.
2
•If any student, during lecture, makes a phone call, takes photos/videos, or
does snapchat; he/she will be responsible for any actions I take.
•Do not bargain for grades. The more you bargain for grades, the less you get
from me.
•The class will NOT be a teacher-centered one.
•Attending class is very important. Students who skip more than four lectures
will lose points.
• If you miss an exam, you are NOT allowed to retake it unless you have
permission from the department.
• DO NOT ask me to postpone monthly exams. Postponing exams means that
each student will lose two points.
•Coming to class TWO minutes after teacher is NOT allowed.

•Leaving classroom for no reason in the middle of lecture is NOT allowed.
•If you want to bring guests to classroom, you MUST ask me IN ADVANCE.
3
•Do not contact me via VIBER,

WHATSAPP, MESSENGER,
FACEBOOK OR MY PERSONAL
PHONE NUMBER. You must visit
me at college or contact me via
email. 4
Monthly and Final Exams
•
Exams Pop Quiz Assignments,
Participation and
•Students will have one exam and one quiz.
group work
The exam
One monthly is out of 25 and the
Two Quizzes: quizwillisbeout
Ten marks of to
allocated
exams:
five. The other 10 marks will
 The
monthly
 Each quiz is out of 5.
be on
daily participation, classroom
conduct, assignment,
participation, attendance and
exam is out
of 20.
assignments.
absenteeism, seminar, group
work, etc.
•The final exam is out of 60.

 The final
exam is
out of
5
SIXTY.
Group Classroom
Behavior
Short-term
assignment
attendance participation Seminar
Seminars work
Not ∕ Not ∕ ∕ good John
active good Rion
Very ∕ ∕ excellent Jack

active Lane
X Joseph
Jenner
Note: Based on this rubric, you get points at the end of the year. For
example, each day you participate, you get a tick. If you present a
seminar, you get another tick. At the end, the ticks in the rubric will
show whether or not you should get good grades. I will place too much
emphasis on being active in group work, participation, and assignments.
6
Sources
Murphy, Raymond. (2019). English Grammar in Use.

(Our primary source)
..............................................................

7
Extra Sources
Additional sources for you to read

1-Azar, Betty Scrampfer (1999). Understanding and
Using English Grammar
2-Greenbaum and Nelson (2002).An Introduction to
English Grammar
3- Quirk, Randolph, Sidney Greanbaum, Geoffery
Leach, and Jan Svartvik (1998). A Comprehensive
Grammar of the English Language.
4. Murphy, Raymond, (2009). Essential Grammar In
Use.
8
Past Perfect Continuous
* Past Perfect Continuous
9
* Past Perfect Continuous Uses
1. We use the past perfect continuous for an action over a period of

time leading up to another point in the past. Or We can also use
it to talk about an action which ended just before another point
in the past
* You had been waiting there for more than two hours when she
finally arrived.
* They had been playing tennis for three hours when it started to
rain heavily.
* They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived.
* Nancy was very tired because she had been working all day.
* Yesterday morning when I woke 10up, the ground was wet. It had
been raining.
* Past Perfect Continuous
* Stative verbs are not normally used with the Past Perfect
Continuous:
* We were good friends. We had known each other for years.

(not had been knowing)
* A few years ago Thomas cut his hair really short. I was surprised
because he had always had long hair.
(not he had been having)
11
*
12
* Past Perfect Continuous Past Perfect
• There was paint on Nick’s Clothes. A:Did you see the color of the bedroom?
He had been painting his bedroom. It was yellow.
B: Yes, Nick had painted it.
• We are thinking of the activity. It • Here, the important thing is that

doesn’t matter whether it had been something had been finished. We are
finished or not. In this example, the thinking of the result of the activity
activity (painting the bedroom) had (the painted bedroom), not the
not been finished. activity.
13
* Kate was so annoying. John told her not to disturb him because he
was working.
In this sentence, we just focus on the action at the time of
speaking. John asked Kate not to disturb him because he was in the
middle of working. We are not interested in how long the action took
or when it started.
* I needed to have a break. I had been working all day.
* In this sentence we focus on the duration and how long the
person had been working.
14
Used To (do) Unit 18
*What is “used to” in English?
* I used to have long hair.

* He used to smoke.
* They used to live in India.
* We used to travel a lot.
* You used to play tennis a lot when you were young.
* She used to live in a small village.
* Did you use to eat a lot of sweets when you were a child?
* Jane did not use to like him.
* Harry used not to play soccer when he was a child.
……………………………….
What do you notice from these sentences?
15
What do you think used to means in these sentences?

1. We use this expression to talk about habits or repeated actions in

the past which we no longer do them now.
* He used to play football for the local team, but he’s too old now.
* That means in the past it was his habit to play football, but he
doesn’t play this game anymore.
* We used to watch TV a lot, but we don’t have a TV any more.

* Did he use to work ten hours a day?
16
2. We also use this expression for things that were true, but are not
true any more.
* This building is now a candy shop. It used to be a cinema.

* I used to think Mark was unfriendly, but now I realize that he is a
very nice person.
17
Negative Question
She did not use to like him. Did you use to eat a lot of sweets?
I did not use to eat rice when I was a Did she use to read books when you
kid. were a teenager?
We USED not to travel a lot. Did they use to work hard?
18
be/get used To (doing) Unit 61
* be/get used to doing or something
• Paul lives alone. He has lived alone for a long time, so it is not
strange for him. He is used to living alone.
• Sarah is not used to working nights.

• I am used to the noise.
• She is used to tight shoes.
•
• You quickly get used to using the brakes.
• I don't think I will ever get used to waking up early.
19
• Uses of be used to
The be/get used to expression is for talking about something that is

familiar to us or easy for us. For example:
* I am used to driving on the left.
* I am used to this crowded class
* Are you used to fast food?
* Tom is used to working hard.
* Jane is used to staying late at night.
* They are used to New York.
* Linda is not used to the noise.
*
20
* B. I am used to something = it is not new or strange.
I get used to something
* She's used to the city now and doesn't get lost any more.
* They are not used to this environment.
* I do the dishes every day, so I’m used to it.
* …………………………….
* This is how we do things here. You'll soon get used to it.
* You quickly get used to the brakes.
21
C. I am used to verb –ing
I get used to Verb –ing
* Tom is used to living alone.

* Jane is used to driving on the left.
* We are used to being on our own.
* ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
* Tom is not used to getting up early.
* I cannot get used to living in New York.
* She is getting used to waking up early for her new job.
22
* I bought some new shoes. They felt strange at first because I
wasn’t used to them.
* I had to get used to driving on the left.
* ………………………………………………………….
23
24
Present Tenses Unit 19
FUTURE
25
• Present Continuous
* He is playing tennis on Monday Afternoon.

*Jackson is going to the dentist on Tuesday morning.
*They are meeting William on Friday.
26
* We can use the present continuous to talk about future

arrangement. A future arrangement is a plan that you have
decided, arranged or organized with another person.
*Ben is visiting my friend tomorrow.

*Ben is having a party for my birthday.
*Ben is staying home tonight.
*Ben is meeting Kate on Friday.
*…………………………………………………………..
*In all these examples, Ben has already decided and
27
arranged to do these things.
*A. What are you doing on Sunday evening?

(not what do you do)
* B. I am going to the cinema. (not I go)
*A. What time is Katherine arriving tomorrow?

*B. Half past ten. We are meeting her at the station.
28
* We do not NORMALLY use will to talk about what

we have arranged to do. For example:
* What are you doing tonight? (not what will you

do)
*Alex is getting married next month. (not will get)

*……………………………………………..
29
* We also use the present continuous for an action

just before you start to do it. This happens
especially with verbs of movement (go/come/leave,
etc.):
*I am tired. I am going to bed now. (not I go to bed

now).
*‘Tina, are you ready yet?’ ‘ yes, I am coming’.
(not I come).
30
* Present Simple for future
*A. We use the present simple when we talk about

timetables and programs.
*I have to go. My train leaves at 11:30.

* What time does the film start tonight?
*The meeting is at nine o'clock tomorrow?
31
* B. We can use the present simple to talk about

people if their plans are fixed like timetable.
*My new job starts next week.

* I finish work tomorrow at 3:00 P.M.
32
* When we talk about appointments, lessons, exams etc., you can use
I have or I have got:
I have got an exam next week.

I have an exam next week. 33
be going to (do) Unit 20
A. I am going to do = I have already decided to do it; I intend to do it:
* Are you going to eat anything?

* I am going to buy a new car.
* The cheese smells horrible. I am not going to eat it.
………………………………………
* In all the sentences, the person has decided to do these things.
34
B. Present continuous Vs Be going to

Present continuous Be going to
Present continuous for future is used for I am going to do something= I have
something that it is already fixed or decided to do it. Maybe I have arranged to
arranged. For example, you have arranged do it, maybe not.
to go somewhere or meet somebody.
• I am leaving next week. I have booked • My shoes are dirty. I am going to clean
my flight. them.
• I am meeting Emily this evening.
• (I have decided to clean them, but I
• (In these two examples, this person have not arranged this with anybody
has arranged to do these things. It is at a specific time).
arranged and fixed).
35
B. Present continuous Vs Be going to

Present continuous Be going to
• I do not know what I • I don’t know what I am
am doing tomorrow. going to do about this
problem.
(I have not decided what to

(I do not know my plans or
do)
schedule)
36
37
Will and Shall Unit 21
• What is will?
* Oh, I left the door open. I will go and shut.

* ‘Did you call Max?’ Oh no, I forgot. I will call him
now.”
38
• What is will?
• We use will when we have JUST decided to do something. When

we say I will do something, we announce our decision:
• The room is too hot. I will turn off the heating.( not I turn off)
• Oh, I left the door open. I will go and shut it. (not I go)
• A. I do not know what to do. Oh, I will go to the cinema tonight.
• We do not use the present simple in these sentences.

•
39
* We often use I think I will…../ I dot think I will…..
• I am a little bit hungry. I think I will have something to eat.

• I don’t think I will go out tonight.
.......................................
40
41
• We use won’t to say that somebody or something refuses to do
something.
• I have tried to give her advice, but she won’t listen.
( That means she refuses to listen)
* The car won’t start.

( that means the car refuses to start).
……………………………………………………..
C. We do NOT use will to talk about what has been decided or
arranged before:
• I am going on holiday next Friday. ( not I go)
42
• Compare:
• I am meeting Jason tomorrow morning.

(decided before)
• A. I will meet you at 10:00 P.M., Ok?

• B. Fine. See you then.
(decided now)
……………………………………………………
43
• Compare:
• I am meeting Jason tomorrow morning.

(decided before)
• A. I will meet you at 10:00 P.M., Ok?

• B. Fine. See you then.
(decided now)
……………………………………………………
44
•
45
• We do not use will to say what somebody has already arranged
or decided to do.
• Lisa is working next week. (not Lisa will work)
• Are you going to watch TV this evening? (not will you watch)
• ……………………………………………………………………..
• When we think or believe something about the future (not what
someone has already decided). (Prediction)
• This can be based on personal judgement or opinion.
46
•
47
• I think you will find the movie interesting.
• I think it will rain later so take an umbrella with you.
• The plate is hot. If you touch it, you will burn yourself.
…………………………………….
Compare:
• I think James is going to go the party on Friday.
(I think he has already decided to go)
• I think James will go to the party on Friday.

( I think he will decide to go)
48
49
• After I hope, we generally use the present.
• I hope Kate passes the driving test.
• I hope it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
Note: it is OK to use will after hope.

I hope Kate will pass the driving test.
………………………………………………………………………………..
* Generally we use will to talk about future, but sometimes we use
will to talk about now.
* Do not phone Amy now. she will be busy. (= she will be busy
now).
50
Will and going to Unit 23
• Will Vs Going to
51
• Compare:
• Jane: Gary has been trying to contact you.
• Jack: Has he? Ok, I will call him.
• Nancy: Gary has been trying to contact you.

• Jack: Yes, I know. I am going to call him.
• …………………………………..
• Tim: Anna is in hospital.
• Tiffany: Really? I did not know. I will go and visit her.
…………………………
Jason: Anna is in hospital.
Tiffany: Yes, I know. I am going to visit her this evening.
52
• We use both will and going to for future happenings or
situations. (predicting the future).
• I think the weather will be nice later.

• I think the weather is going to be nice later.
• However, when we say something is going to happen, we believe

this because of the situation now. What is happening now shows
that something is going to happen in the future.
• Look at the black clouds. It is going to rain. (not it will rain)

• ( we can see that it is going to rain—the black clouds are in the sky
now)
53
Compare:
* We are going to be late. The meeting starts in five minutes and it

takes 15 minutes to get there.
* Jane will be late for the meeting. She is always late.
• In the first sentence it is clear NOW that we don’t have enough time
to get there. The situation shows that we are going to be late.
However, in the second sentence, there is no situation that tells us
jane will be late. We just predict and believe that she will be late
because we know her personality. She may not be late.
54
Present Present Simple Going to Will
Will and going to
Continuous
We can use the present We use the
Unit 23
We use going to when • We use will when we
continuous for plans or present simple for we have ALREADY have JUST decided to
Summary
arrangements. something scheduled. decided to do
something.
do something.
It is decided, organized It is like timetables and Or when we intend to do This room is too hot. I
and arranged. programs. something. will open the door.
It is personal and in your It is not personal or in I'm going to drive to • We use will to make
control. your control. work today. offers and promises.
Or when we agree
to do something.
They are coming to see The train arrives at 6.30 to make predictions We use will when we
us tomorrow. in the morning. based on evidence we express beliefs about the
can see. future. The prediction is
based on personal
opinion, not evidence.
I am playing soccer The holidays start next Look at those black • It will be a nice day
tonight. week. clouds. I think it's going tomorrow.
to rain • I think Brazil will
win the World Cup.
• I'm sure you will
55 enjoy the film
will be doing and will have done 24
• What is future continuous or “will be doing”?
• Future continuous or will be doing is used to say that an action will

be in continuous at a specific time in the future. Future continuous
means in the middle of doing it in the future. For example:
• This time on Thursday I will be flying to Turkey.

• At 2:00 P.M. tomorrow she will be writing an essay.
• Next week this time I will be swimming in the sea.
• Do not phone Dan between 7 and 8. We will be eating.
56
• Find mistakes in the following sentences.

• I will be out at three o’clock. I am playing golf.
I will be playing golf
• What do you do in ten years, I wonder?
What will you be doing in ten years, I wonder?
• Five years from now I will be running a big company.
Correct
57
• Compare:
• At 10 o’clock yesterday, Tina was in her office. She was working.

(past continuous)
• It is 10 o'clock now. Tina is in her office now. She is working.
(present continuous)
• At 10 o’clock tomorrow, Tina will be in her office. She will be
working.
(future continuous)
58
59
• Compare:
• The band will play when the president enters.

• The band will be playing when the president enters.
• In the first sentence, first the president enters, and then the band
will play.
• In the second sentence, the band will start playing before the
president enters. That means when the president enters the band
will be in the middle of playing.
60
• Sometimes will be doing is similar to will do or going to do in that it

is used to talk about a complete action.
• Later in the program, I will be talking to the minister.

• The government will be making a statement about the crisis later.
61
* What is future perfect or will have done?
* The future perfect is used for actions that will be completed before
some other point in the future.
* Hello. What time will you be home?

* Hi. I will have finished work by 9:30 and so I should be home around
ten.
* The movie will have ended by the time John wakes up from sleep.
62
* When the sun rises, we will leave.

When the sun rises, we will have left.
* The first sentence says that we will wait until the sun rises and then
leave at that exact moment. The second sentence says we will leave
before the sun rises at all.
63
Can, Could and (be) able to 26
• Ability (can, could, be able to)
* We use can to say that something is possible or allowed, or that
somebody has the ability to do something.
* I can come and see you tomorrow if you like.

* Can you speak any foreign languages?
* I can’t see the lake from our hotel.
* ……………………………………………………..
* We can say that somebody is able to do something, but can is more

usual. Be able to is a little bit formal and less usual:
* We are able to see the lake from our hotel.
64
Note: In some structures, we always use be able to, not can.

1. To-infinitive: It is nice to be able to go to the opera.
(Not *to can go)
2. After a modal verb: Thomas might be able to help us.
3.Present perfect: It has been quiet
65
today. I have been able to
get some work done.
B. COULD
• We can use could to say that somebody had the ability to do
something, or was allowed to do something:
• My grandfather could speak five languages.
• When I was young, I could read two books in a week.
• …………………
• We normally use could (not was/were able to) with the following
verbs in the past.
see hear smell taste feel remember understand
• We had a lovely room in the hotel. We could see the lake.
• As soon as I walked into the room, I could smell gas.
• I was sitting at the back of the theater and couldn’t hear very well.
66
C. Could and was able to
• We use could for general ability.

• The children could swim when they were quite young.
• My grandfather could speak five languages.
…………………………….
• But to say that somebody succeeded in doing something in a specific

situation, we normally use was/were able to or manage to (not
could).
• The fire spread quickly, but everybody was able to escape. (not
could escape)
• I did not know where Max was, but67I managed to find him. (not could
escape)
D. Could and was able to
Compare:
• Jack was an excellent tennis player when he was younger. He could

beat anybody.
• Jack and Andy played a match yesterday. Jack played so well, but
Andy was able to/ managed to beat him.
• The first sentence means Jack was good enough to beat anybody, he
generally had the ability. However, the second sentence means in
general Jack is better than Andy, but only in this particular match
Andy succeeded in beating him.
68
Note: The negative couldn’t is possible in all situations.
* I looked for Max everywhere, but I could not find him.

* It was so foggy, so the plane couldn’t take off
69
70
Unit 45
• Permission: can, could, may and be allowed to
1. How to ask for permission:
• We use can, could, may to ask for permission.

• Can I use your pen? (it is informal and you don’t have to use
this in a formal situation)
• Could we borrow your book, please?
• May I see the letter?
• Could often sounds more polite than can. May is rather formal.
71
Unit 45
• Permission: can, could, may and be allowed to
2. Giving and refusing permission:
To give permission we use can or may(but not could):

• You can wait in my office if you like.
• Could I borrow your calculator? Of course you can.
• You may telephone from here. (a written notice)
• Note: May is formal and is not often used in speech.
72
Unit 45
3. Talking about permission
• We sometimes talk about RULES made by someone else. To do this

we use can, could and be allowed to:
• Each passenger can take one bag onto the plane.
• In the 1920s you could drive without taking a test. (past)
• We can also use be allowed to:

• Passengers are allowed to take one bag onto the plane.
• We were not allowed to look around the factory yesterday. (past)
• Will I be allowed to record the interview on tape? (future)
73
Unit 45
3. Could can be used to express general permission in the past.

• When I was a child, I could do basically anything that I wanted to
do.
• But when we talk about a particular action which was permitted

and performed, we use was/were allowed to:
• Although I was underage, I was allowed to enter the race.
• I was allowed to leave work early yesterday.
74
Unit 45
3.
75
Possibility and Certainty UNIT 46
* Possibility and Certainty
* 1. May, might and could
* We use may or might to say that something is possible or that is

quite likely, less than 50% sure. We can use them for the present
or future. For example:
* It may/might be a bomb. (=perhaps it is a bomb)
* I may/might go shopping tomorrow. ( =perhaps I will go shopping).
* Note: The slight difference between “may” and “might” is that

“may” implies strong certainty about hypothetical events and
“might” expresses a lesser degree of certainty.
76
* We can use could to say that something is possible or unrealistic.

• The story could be true, I suppose. (possibly it is true, but less
sure)
• You could win $1 million! (possibly you will win…..)
• This is a wonderful place. I could stay here forever. (unrealistic)
• I am so tired. I could sleep for a week. (not I can sleep)
(unrealistic)
• Note: Sometime could means only a small possibility.

• ……………………………………….
77
• May, might and could in the negative
• We use couldn’t when we want to say that something is

impossible.
• Sam could not be hungry. 99% sure

• I am completely unfit. I couldn’t run a marathon. 99% sure
• The speaker believes that there is no possibility that Sam is

hungry. When used in the negative, couldn’t expresses the idea
that the speaker believes something is impossible.
78
• We use may not/ might not to say that something negative is

possible.
• I mightn’t finish the marathon tomorrow. (less than 50% sure)

(It is possible that I will not finish it tomorrow)
• Sam may not be hungry. (less than 50% sure)
( I do not know why Sam is not eating his food. He may not be
hungry right now. Or maybe he doesn't feel well. Or perhaps he ate
just before he got here. Who knows? ).
• The speaker here uses may not/might not to mention a possibility.
79
•
Must Can’t
We use must when we realize We use can’t when we realize
something is certainly true. something is impossible.
95% sure 99% sure

She is not answering the phone. She You have not walked far. You can’t be
must be out. tired.
There is no possibility that this person

is tired. The speakers believes that
since they have not walked far, he is
definitely not tired.
80
Necessity UNIT 47
• Both must and have to express necessity, but we use them

differently.
Must Have to
We use must when the speaker feels We use have to when the situation
that something is necessary. makes something necessary.
You must exercise. (I am telling you) I have to exercise. (the doctor told
We must be quiet. (I am telling you) me)
We have to be quiet. (that is the rule)
I/we must can also express a wish.
I must buy a book. I want something to

read on the train.
81
Passive UNIT 42
• The man built the house.

• The company employs 200 people.
• Two hundred people are employed by the company.

• This room is cleaned every day.
• This house was built in 1981.
• The house has been cleaned by Henry.
…………………………………………………………………
• What is a passive sentence?
• A passive sentence is a sentence where the subject does not
perform the action of the verb.
82
Passive UNIT 42
• When we use active sentence, we say what the subject does.

• He built the house.
• He cleans the room every day.
………………………
However, when we use the passive, who or what causes the action is
often unknown or unimportant.
A lot of money was stolen in the robbery. ( somebody stole it, but we
do not know who)
Is this room cleaned every day? (does somebody clean it?– it is not
important who)
83
Passive UNIT 42
• Sometimes we do not want to say who does the action on purpose.
• Two people were killed in Palestine.
• Israel killed two people.

• ……………………….
• In passive sentence, the subject doesn’t do anything. Rather,
something is done to it.
84
Passive UNIT 42
85
Passive UNIT 42
•If we want to say who does or what causes the

action, we use by:
• This house was built by my father.

•This room is cleaned by my mother every day.
86
Passive UNIT 42
87

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English Department

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•The final exam is out of 60.

Very ∕ ∕ excellent Jack

Murphy, Raymond. (2019). English Grammar in Use.

1. We use the past perfect continuous for an action over a period of

* We were good friends. We had known each other for years.

• We are thinking of the activity. It • Here, the important thing is that

* I used to have long hair.

What do you think used to means in these sentences?

1. We use this expression to talk about habits or repeated actions in

* We used to watch TV a lot, but we don’t have a TV any more.

* This building is now a candy shop. It used to be a cinema.

We USED not to travel a lot. Did they use to work hard?

• Sarah is not used to working nights.

The be/get used to expression is for talking about something that is

* Tom is used to living alone.

* He is playing tennis on Monday Afternoon.

* We can use the present continuous to talk about future

*Ben is visiting my friend tomorrow.

*A. What are you doing on Sunday evening?

*A. What time is Katherine arriving tomorrow?

* We do not NORMALLY use will to talk about what

* What are you doing tonight? (not what will you

*Alex is getting married next month. (not will get)

* We also use the present continuous for an action

*I am tired. I am going to bed now. (not I go to bed

* Present Simple for future

*A. We use the present simple when we talk about

*I have to go. My train leaves at 11:30.

* B. We can use the present simple to talk about

*My new job starts next week.

I have got an exam next week.

* Are you going to eat anything?

* In all the sentences, the person has decided to do these things.

B. Present continuous Vs Be going to

B. Present continuous Vs Be going to

(I have not decided what to

* Oh, I left the door open. I will go and shut.

• We use will when we have JUST decided to do something. When

• We do not use the present simple in these sentences.

• I am a little bit hungry. I think I will have something to eat.

* The car won’t start.

• I am meeting Jason tomorrow morning.

• A. I will meet you at 10:00 P.M., Ok?

• I am meeting Jason tomorrow morning.

• A. I will meet you at 10:00 P.M., Ok?

• I think James will go to the party on Friday.

Note: it is OK to use will after hope.

• Nancy: Gary has been trying to contact you.

• I think the weather will be nice later.

• However, when we say something is going to happen, we believe

• Look at the black clouds. It is going to rain. (not it will rain)

* We are going to be late. The meeting starts in five minutes and it

* Jane will be late for the meeting. She is always late.

• What is future continuous or “will be doing”?

• Future continuous or will be doing is used to say that an action will

• This time on Thursday I will be flying to Turkey.

• Find mistakes in the following sentences.

• At 10 o’clock yesterday, Tina was in her office. She was working.

• The band will play when the president enters.