POKOK BAHASAN I

PENGANTAR TENTANG TEOLOGI ISLAM:

 PENGERTIAN TEOLOGI ISLAM
 OBYEK DAN RUANG LINGKUP
 METODE-METODE STUDI TEOLOGI ISLAM
 MANFAAT DAN TUJUAN MEMPELAJARI TEOLOGI ISLAM
PENGERTIAN TEOLOGI
Gareth Jones (ed.), The Blackwell Companion to Modern Theology. (United State: Blackwell Publishing, 2004).

 Theology is “faith seeking understanding.”

 Theology is the interpretation of doctrine, so that one regards
interpretation as the business of testing and applying doctrine to the
experienced life of Religion.
 Theology is “the science of things divine”.
 Theology is the comprehension of all other knowledge, directed to its
true end.
 Islamic Theology is the Moslem talk of God.
John Renard, Islamic Theological Themes: A Primary Source
Reader. (United State: University of California Press, 2014).

Islamic theological discourse

traditionally known as the science of
interpretation (ʿilm at-tafsīr).
Tim Winter (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Classical Islamic
Theology. (United States: Cambridge University Press, 2008), 2.

William Chittick defines theology as

‘‘God-talk in all its forms’’.
Prof. A. F. Ahmed, Introduction to Islamic Theology. (Victoria
Island, Lagos: National Open University of Nigeria, 2013).

 The Islamic theology is the science which studies religious doctrines

and provides logical proofs in defense of faith.
 Italso deals with refutation of innovations made by the groups that
deviate from the orthodox creed.
 Itmay also be described as the study of the nature of the Divine Being
and other Islamic religious creeds.
RUANG LINGKUP TEOLOGI ISLAM

Theology contains:
 The knowledge of God and His creatures,
 Our duty to Him and our fellow-creatures, and
 A view of our present and future state.
Gareth Jones (ed.), The Blackwell Companion to Modern Theology. (United State: Blackwell Publishing,
2004).
Menurut Nurcholish Madjid, Teologi Islam (Ilmu Kalam) menjadi tumpuan
pemahaman tentang sendi-sendi paling pokok dalam ajaran agama Islam:
 Simpul-simpul kepercayaan,
 Masalah Kemaha-Esaan Tuhan, dan
 Pokok-pokok ajaran agama

Nurcholish Madjid, Islam Doktrin dan Peradaban: Sebuah Telaah Kritis

tentang Masalah Keimanan, Kemanusiaan, dan Kemodernan. (Jakarta:
Paramadina, 1992), 202.
TUJUAN mempelajari TEOLOGI ISLAM

Memperkenalkan berbagai paham keagamaan yang pernah ada dalam sejarah

Islam.

Memahami variasi paham keagamaan dalam sejarah Islam sebagai kekayaan

budaya masyarakat Muslim.

Meletakkan pemahaman terhadap variasi paham keagamaan masyarakat Muslim

dalam konteks studi keilmuan terhadap agama.
Prof. A. F. Ahmed, Introduction to Islamic Theology. (Victoria
Island, Lagos: National Open University of Nigeria, 2013).

 Introduce you to the origin and development of the Science of Islamic theology
called ‘lmu `t-Tawhid or ‘lmu `l-Kalam in the Arabic tongue
 Familiarise you with the fundamental theological principles in Islam with
references to their bases from the Islamic sacred sources and views of various
schools of thought
 Acquaint you with prominent Muslim theologians and the roles played by them in
giving shape and disseminating the science.

nou.edu.ng/uploads/fileuploads/rLmLrOxD2o1437648242.pdf
KEGIATAN PEMBELAJARAN
 Explain the religious, social, and political factors responsible for the emergence of
Islamic theology;
 Highlight the role of internal and external factors played in the development of
Islamic theology;
 Discuss the emergence of Mu‘tazilism (the thorough going rationalists) and other
sectarian tendencies in Islam and the doctrines distinguishing them from other
Muslim theological schools;
 Discuss the emergence of Sunnism (i.e. Islamic orthodoxy), and give account of the
contribution of its prominent scholars;
 Highlight and discuss the contributions of prominent Muslim theologians to the
science of Islamic theology.
POKOK BAHASAN II
KEDUDUKAN DAN RELASI TEOLOGI ISLAM:
 SUMBER AJARAN TEOLOGI ISLAM
 KEDUDUKAN TEOLOGI ISLAM DALAM SISTEM KEILMUAN ISLAM
 HUBUNGAN TEOLOGI ISLAM DENGAN ILMU KEISLAMAN LAIN:
 FILSAFAT ISLAM
 FIQH
 TASAWUF
SUMBER AJARAN TEOLOGI
ISLAM

Islam thus possesses two sources of revealed truth, the first being the
Qur’an, which is the record of God’s message to mankind through the
Prophet, and the second being the hadıth, or collected sayings and acts of
the Prophet. It is from these two sources that the basic religious beliefs
of Muslims are derived.

Muhammad Ali, Modern Views on the Origin of Islamic Theology, https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/

bitstream/.../introduction.pdf.
KEDUDUKAN TEOLOGI ISLAM
ILMU KALAM atau TEOLOGI ISLAM adalah salah satu dari empat disiplin keilmuan yang telah
tumbuh dan menjadi bagian dari tradisi kajian tentang agama Islam. Tiga lainnya ialah:
 FIQH
Membidangi segi-segi formal peribadatan dan hukum, sehingga tekanan orientasinya sangat
eksoterik, mengenai hal-hal lahiriah;
 TASAWUF
Membidangi segi-segi penghayatan dan pengamalan keagamaan yang lebih bersifat pribadi,
sehingga tekanan orientasinya pun sangat esoterik, mengenai hal-hal batiniah;
 FALSAFAH
Membidangi hal-hal yang bersifat perenungan spekulatif tentang hidup dan lingkupnya secara
seluas-luasnya; maka
 ILMU KALAM atau TEOLOGI ISLAM
Mengarahkan pembahasannya kepada segi-segi mengenai Tuhan dan berbagai derivasinya
POKOK BAHASAN III
GARIS BESAR SEJARAH KEMUNCULAN PERSOAAN DAN ALIRAN-ALIRAN TEOLOGI ISLAM:
 FAKTOR-FAKTOR TIMBULNYA PERSOALAN DAN ALIRAN TEOLOGI ISLAM
 FAKTOR INTERNAL
 FAKTOR EKSTERNAL
 ALIRAN DALAM TEOLOGI ISLAM DAN POKOK-POKOK AJARANNYA:
 KHAWARIJ
 MURJI’AH
 DAQARIYAH – JABBARIYAH
 MU’TAZILAH
 ASY’ARIYAH
 MATURIDIYAH
 AHLUSSUNNAH WAL JAMA’AH
FAKTOR INTERNAL DAN
EKSTERNAL
The internal factor for the development of kalam can be discerned in the fact that:
 Some Koranic verses were revealed to encounter various sects and pagans and to
refute their religious views.
 The external factor, Ahmad Amin argues on the other hand, is closely related to their
being occupied with Greek philosophy in order to construct arguments in defence of
some Koranic verses were revealed to encounter various sects and pagans and to
refute their religious views.
 In other words, the internal factor represents the polemical side, while the external
factor shows the apologetical aspect.
Muhammad Ali, Modern Views on the Origin of Islamic Theology,
https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/ bitstream/.../introduction.pdf.

Modern scholarship on the origin of Islamic theology can be divided into six views,
respectively asserting:
 (1) The Hellenistic influence on the origin of Islamic theology;
 (2) Islamic theology mainly as the result of an internal development;
 (3) Christian influence on Islamic theology;
 (4) Jewish contributions to Islamic theology;
 (5) Persian features in Islamic theology; and
 (6) Indian elements in Islamic theology.
THE HELLENISTIC INFLUENCE ON
THE ORIGIN OF ISLAMIC
THEOLOGY
The conceptions of this idea are founded on several patterns of
arguments:
 (1) terminological;
 (2) chronological;
 (3) ontological; and
 (4) logical/philosophical.