BASIC LIQUID CRYSTAL

DISPLAY (LCD) AND LED

TELEVISION
 A liquid crystal display (LCD) has liquid crystal material
sandwiched between two sheets of glass. Without any
voltage applied between transparent electrodes, liquid crystal
molecules are aligned in parallel with the glass surface.

The quantity of light transmission can be controlled by

combining the motion of liquid crystal molecules and the
direction of polarization of two polarizing plates attached to
Basic Liquid Crystal Display both outer sides of the glass sheets.
(LCD)
LCDs utilize these characteristics to display images.
  Liquid-crystal-display televisions (LCD TVs) are television sets that use
liquid-crystal displays to produce images.

 They are, by far, the most widely produced and sold television display type.

 LCD TVs are thin and light but have some disadvantages compared to
other display types such as high power consumption, poorer contrast ratio, and
inferior color gamut.
  The contrast ratio (CR) is a property of a display system,
defined as the ratio of the luminance of the brightest
shade (white) to that of the darkest shade (black) that the
system is capable of producing. (Although Black &
White are commonly thought of as colors, black is an
absence of all colors, and white is the presence of all
colors).

 A high contrast ratio is a desired aspect of any display.

It has similarities with the dynamic range.
The Contrast Ratio
(CR)
Types of LCD Panels used in LED-
backlight TVs today:
1. In-Plane Switching (IPS) TV
2. Vertical Alignment (VA) TV
 1. In-Plane Switching (IPS) TV IPS (in-plane switching) is
a screen technology for liquid crystal displays (LCDs).
 It was designed to solve the main limitations of the twisted
nematic field effect (TN) matrix LCDs which were prevalent
in the late 1980s.
 These limitations included strong viewing angle dependence
and low-quality color reproduction. In-plane switching
involves arranging and switching the orientation of the
molecules of the liquid crystal (LC) layer between the glass
In-Plane Switching substrates.
(IPS) TV  This is done, essentially, parallel to these glass plates
TYPES OF LCD PANELS USED IN LED-
BACKLIGHT TVS TODAY:
1. In-Plane Switching (IPS) TV IPS (in-plane switching) is a screen technology for liquid
crystal displays (LCDs).
 It was designed to solve the main limitations of the twisted nematic field effect (TN) matrix
LCDs which were prevalent in the late 1980s.
 These limitations included strong viewing angle dependence and low-quality color
reproduction. In-plane switching involves arranging and switching the orientation of the
molecules of the liquid crystal (LC) layer between the glass substrates.
 This is done, essentially, parallel to these glass plates
2. VERTICAL ALIGNMENT (VA) TV

 This is a type of LCD panel technology.

 In this type of panel, when no electric current is running through the liquid crystal cells, the cells
naturally align vertically between two substrate panes of glass which blocks the transmission of
light from the backlight.
 This renders the crystals opaque and results in a black display screen. When an electric current is
applied, the liquid crystal cells shift to a horizontal position between the substrates allowing light
to pass through resulting in a white display screen.
 Monitors with VA LCD panels provide the advantages of wide viewing angles and high contrast
ratios and reproduce colors well
BASIC LED TELEVISION COLOR TELEVISION

 A flat panel LCD TV set that uses LEDs (light emitting diodes) for its backlight source
rather than the earlier cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL).
 Smaller, more power efficient and having a greater optical range than the fluorescents,
LED TVs produce deeper blacks and more saturated color.
 In 2005, Sony offered the first LED TV.
KINDS OF LED TV

1. Plasma TV
 Plasma and LED TVs is both flat screen TVs, but they are very different and work with totally
different technologies.
 The Plasma TV pixels are made up of gas filled cells, each containing a mixture of rare gases
(neon and xenon). These cells glow when charged with electric voltages to produce different
colors. Each of the plasma TV pixels light up individually to varying colors depending on the
electric charge applied to them.
 Since Plasma TV pixels produce their own light and colors without depending on any backlight
source, the picture of the plasma TV is superior to that produced by an LCD LED TV.
 Advantages of Plasma TVs over LED TVs are better picture quality with higher contrast ratio,
better viewing angle, no blurring of fast-moving objects like a racing car, and is usually
cheaper than an LED TV.
 The disadvantages of Plasma TV Vs. LED TV is that Plasma TV picture dim and cannot be
watched in brightly lit rooms, Plasma TV sets are heavier, uses more electricity, and have the
Screen 'Burn-in' problem
THESE WERE THE MAIN ADVANTAGES OF
PLASMA TVS OVER LED TVS:
 Plasma TV has better quality picture with richer natural looking colors
 Plasma TVs much higher contrast ratio than LCD or LED TVs
 Plasma TV cheaper than same size LED TV
 Plasma TV best for fast action scenes since less motion lag or no blurring of fast-moving
pictures
2. OLED TV

 OLED stand for 'Organic Light Emitting Diode’

 is a new type of TV technology that is similar to Plasma TVs.
 Even though OLED and LED differ only by a single letter, the difference between LED
and OLED TV technology is completely different.
 OLED TVs are like a Plasma TV with OLED TV pixels producing their own light and
colors without depending on any backlight source.
 The OLED pixel in the TV are self-illuminating and thus has all the advantages of what
the Plasma TVs have.
 OLED TVs are very bright and can be viewed in bright ambient lighting.
 OLED TVs are less likely to suffer from the problem of burn-in which killed Plasma TV.
 OLED TV manufacturers have high priority in preventing any burn-in scare for OLED
TVs and thus you can be sure that new OLED TVs will never have burn-in problems
3. CURVED TV

 The latest trends in TV sets are to have Curved TVs.

 The main manufacturers of Curved TV are LG and Samsung. LG has mainly OLED
Curved TVs whereas Samsung produces LED Curved TVs.
 According to Manufacturers of Curved TVs claim that what curved TVs are for are
because of the many benefits with curved TVs.
4. IPS LED TV

 IPS stands for 'In Plane Switching’.

 IPS LED TV panel screens are now considered the top of the range in LED TVs.
 The LCD screen in TVs are mainly of two types: In-Plane Switching (IPS) and Twisted
Nematic (TN) type. IPS is the superior technology and the benefits of IPS panels in LED
TVs are that it gives much wider viewing angles and much better color to the TV picture.
 Contrast ratios were not so good in the earlier IPS panel TVs, but now with the newer
versions of Super IPS screens, the picture quality and contrast ratio of IPS LED TVs are
superior to ordinary LED TVs.
PREPARED BY:
HENRY JERRY GRAYCOCHEA HIPOL JR. “THE GREAT” JUST KIDDING
AIM HIGH AND HIT THE MARK!