Introduction Overview • Concept of Data Communication • Communication Model • Data Representation and Data Flow • Computer Networks
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Concept of Data Communication • Data communications: – Deals with the transmission of signals in a reliable and efficient manner – The exchange of data between two devices via some form of transmission medium such as wire cable, wireless. • An effective data communication system depends on the following fundamental characteristics: – Delivery:- the system must deliver data to the correct destination – Accuracy:- the system must deliver the data accurately (no alteration) – Timeliness:- the system must deliver the data in a timely manner – Jitter:-jitter refers to the variation in the packet arrival time. It is the uneven delay in the delivery of audio or video packets. 04/10/2023 Set by Hailemariam 3 Data Communication Model • The fundamental purpose of a communications system is the exchange of data between two parties • General block diagram of a simple communication model
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Cont’d… • The key elements of the communication model are: – Source:- generates the data to be transmitted • Telephones, PCs – Transmitter:- transforms and encodes the information in such a way as to produce electromagnetic signals that can be transmitted across some sort of transmission system. • Modem:- transforms digital bit stream into analog signal that is suitable for the transmission media being used – Transmission system:- this is either a single transmission line or a complex network connecting source and destination
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Cont’d… – Receiver: The receiver accepts the signal from the transmission system and converts it into a form that can be handled by the destination device. • For example, a modem will accept an analog signal coming from a network or transmission line and convert it into a digital bit stream – Destination: Takes the incoming data from the receiver.
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Components of Data Communication
• A data communication system in general has five
components
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Data Representation and Data Flow • Data Representation – Information in data communication may be in the form of:- text, numbers, image, audio and video • Data Flow – Communication between two devices can be: • Simplex:- unidirectional e.g. keyboard, traditional monitors • Half duplex:- each station can transmit and receive but not at the same time e.g. Walkie-talkie radios • Full duplex (Duplex):- both stations can transmit and receive at the same time (simultaneously). E.g. telephone network
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What is Computer Networking? • Networks: is a set of devices connected by communication links – Networking deals with the technology and architecture of the communications networks used to interconnect communicating devices • An interconnection of computers and computing equipment using either wires or radio waves over small or large geographic areas – Two computers are said to be interconnected if they are able to exchange information
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Why do we need Networking? • Business applications – Resource sharing: the goal is to make all programs, equipment, and especially data available to anyone on the network without regard to the physical location of the resource and the user. • Sharing common printer, data/information sharing – Provide a powerful communication medium among employees. • email, videoconferencing and others – Help companies in doing business electronically with other companies, especially suppliers and customers. • online booking, order online – It is called e-commerce (electronic commerce) 04/10/2023 Set by Hailemariam 10 Cont’d… • The client and server machines connected by a network
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Cont’d… • Home Applications – Some of the more popular uses of networking (Internet) for home users are as follows: • Access to remote information. • Person-to-person communication. • Interactive entertainment. • Electronic commerce. • Mobile Users – Portable office: some one can do activities that he/she is supposed to do from office while walking or driving using portable electronic equipment • Example: to send and receive telephone calls, faxes, and electronic mail, surf the Web, access remote files, and log on to remote machines. • Social Issues – Exchange messages with like-minded individuals. • Example: politics, religion, sport, teaching/learning… etc 04/10/2023 Set by Hailemariam 12 04/10/2023 Set by Hailemariam 13