USE OF HYBRID AGRO WASTE IN THE BUILDING

MATERIAL

REVIEW 1

Presented by; Under the Guidance of:

SAMA SRIVAS REDDY Dr. K. VASUGI
(20BCL1028) Associate Professor
MOTHI YG
(20BCL1025)

SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

VIT CHENNAI
1
 OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
 Introduction

 Literature Review and Gap

 Objectives

 Methodology

 References

2
 INTRODUCTION

 Increasing population of the world has also demanded an increase in the food production seemingly
affecting the agriculture industry. But like all other industry agro industry also has waste which is being
produced in a huge amount thus ending up in various dump yards across the world. Even though these are
degradable still takes a huge amount of space and time and also alters the environment to an huge extent.

 Every year India generates about 500 million tonnes of farm waste.

 Rice is a staple diet in every Indian household. But production of rice also has a by product(waste) called as
rice husk(RHA). RHA is very hazardous to the environment because they have low density and cannot be
disposed in open area.

 SCBA(sugarcane bagasse ash) is obtained through burning of agricultural waste bagasse, which can be
used as a sand replacement to produce brick.

3
 INTRODUCTION (Cont…)

APPLICATION :

Making of concrete, production of masonry blocks, insulation material for buildings, reinforcement materials for b
uilding, particle boards .

DRAWBACKS :

At the initial stage, the brick doesn’t acquire strengthening properties but at later stages of the brick, it improves its
strength.

4
 LITERATURE STUDY
JOURNAL AND
TITLE AUTHOR OUTCOME
YEAR

• use of LWC for reinforced concrete member is the

A Review on the Use of enhanced ductility compared to conventional
Advances in
Agriculture Waste Material reinforced concrete member
Material Science and Kim Hung
as Lightweight Aggregate • higher bond strength of the reinforcement with the
Engineering, Mo et al.,
for Reinforced Concrete LWC compared to NWC as observed by the smaller
Structural Member 2014 crack spacing and crack width of the reinforced
concrete members

• Hybrid polypropylene composites were fabricated

using waste groundnut shell and rice husk and
Groundnut shell / rice husk studied for their potential to be used as false ceiling
agro-waste reinforced Journal of Building tiles.
Vijaykumar
polypropylene hybrid Engineering • The composites had a maximum tensile and flexural
Guna et al., strength of 15.6 MPa.
biocomposites 2020 5
• Thermal conductivity of the composites varied from
 LITERATURE STUDY Cont…

JOURNAL AND
TITLE AUTHOR OUTCOME
YEAR

• Improvements in strength and impact

Microstructure, strength, and Construction and
resistance in light-weight concrete - when
durability of eco-friendly concretes Building Materials Zareei et al.,
cement was replaced with bagasse ash at
containing sugarcane bagasse ash 2018
5%

• compressive strength reduced with the

increasing percentage of the agro-wastes -
results were good with specifications
International prescribed in the relevant standards. 
Development of Sustainable Brick Research Journal • Agro-wastes   potential to develop energy
Andrea Treasa
Materials Incorporating Agro- of Engineering and efficient brick materials-had good
Figaredo et al.,
Wastes: An Overview Technology thermomechanical behaviour.
2014 • bricks produced incorporating 6 agro-
 LITERATURE STUDY Cont…

JOURNAL AND
TITLE AUTHOR OUTCOME
YEAR

Agro-industrial wastes
Journal of  • CFST structure -high strength and fire
as building
insulation materials: A Constructional resistances, favorable ductility and large energy
review and challenges for
Steel Research Han et al., absorption capacities. 
Euro-Mediterranean
countries 2014 • No need of shuttering -cost and time are reduced. 

Processing and • with an increased percentage of natural fibres and

Bioinorganic
Characterization of Novel waste fibre sound-absorbing capacity increase
Chemistry and  Naresh
Bio-Waste Hybrid Brick • as the percentage of coconut fibre and wheat straw
Applications Kumar et al.,
Composites for Pollution fibre in the brick reinforced material increases, the
2022
Control  brick’s shear bond strength is decreases 

7
 LITERATURE STUDY Cont…

JOURNAL AND
TITLE AUTHOR OUTCOME
YEAR

• It is a feasible and an efficient process when there

Influence of various nano-
size materials on fresh and
hardened state of fast setting
2021
high early strength concrete
[FSHESC]: A state-of-the-art
review
Production of Sustainable
Construction Materials
Using Agro-Wastes
2020
is a use of natural fibers and other bio-wastes for
Eleonora  building materials.
Cintura et • Bio-wastes could be considered as to produce
al., building products : particleboards, insulation
boards, and mortars can be accepted as a
sustainable solution.
• integration of natural organic waste from
agricultural processes such as sugarcane bagasse,
rice husks, and groundnut shells among others in
Chrysanthos the manufacture of different construction
materials improved their thermal qualities.
Maraveas • Higher durability advantages were shown from
the use of agro waste based materials.
.
8
 LITERATURE STUDY Cont…

JOURNAL AND
TITLE AUTHOR OUTCOME
YEAR

• Compressive strength test by using the optimum

Strength properties of green IOP Conference
concrete mix with added Series: Material green concrete mix with 0.25% of POF results an
A A A Samad
palm oil fibre and its Science and improve strength of 40.4 Mpa
et al.,
application as a loadbearing Engineering
hollow block 2021 • compressive strength of 16.31 MPa achieved with a
slight reduction of 9% .

• SCBA -pozzolanic activity -larger pore to fine pores

Utilization of sugarcane Journal of - improves the pore distribution.
bagasse ash (SCBA) in Building
Li et al., • The compressive, tensile and flexural strengths of
construction technology: A Engineering
state-of-the-art review 2022 concrete containing SCBA increase - cement
substitution, up to 20%.

9
 SUMMARY OF LITERATURES

Bio wastes – advantageous ; as produces particleboards, insulation boards, and mortar.

Bagasse replaces cement at 5%

Bagasse ash - pozzolanic activity - larger pore to fine pores - improves the pore distribution

Incorporating of agro - waste with cement – cost effective, lightweight, and environmental
friendly.

Enhancement of ductility from the use of LWC for reinforced concrete .

10
 RESEARCH GAP ANALYSIS

Limited research has been done on CE-CFST column.

The study on hybrid nano material with combination of agro and industrial waste
are very less.

Limited research has been carried out on CE-CFST column’s corrosion behaviour.

There has been scant analysis conducted on corrosion detection methods for CE-
CFST columns.

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 OBJECTIVES

Casting of bricks with help of bagasse and risk husk ash.

To estimate the compressive strength and flexure strength of bricks.

Determination of durability of the brick.

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METHODOLOGY

13
 MATERIALS
i. Conversion of Raw Agro to Nano Agro waste

• Here nano agro waste will be Nano Bagasse ash

• Improve the mechanical properties -decrease hydration heat-improve concrete durability-Increase bonding- larger
pore to fine pores.

ii. Nano silica

• NS improves the hydration of cement and react with calcium hydroxide (CH) to produce additional calcium silicate
hydrate (C-S-H) gel and packs the pores available in cement paste thereby making the concrete more durable.

iii. Ordinary Portland cement(OPC)

iv) Fine aggregate.

v) Coarse aggregate
Fig.3 Aggregates 14
 Materials (Cont…)
Table.2 Chemical composition of nano Table.3 Chemical composition of
Table.1 Chemical composition
silica bagasse ash
of OPC
Material Results in % Material Results in %
Material Results in %
SiO2 17-25 SiO2 60.94
SiO2 94.3
Al2O3 3-8 Al2O3 14.83
Al2O3 0.06
Fe2O3 0.5-6.0
Fe2O3 0.46
Fe2O3 12.81
CaO 60-67
CaO 0.51 CaO 3.05
MgO 0.-4.0
MgO 0.68 MgO 2.05
Alkalies
(Na2O,K2O) 0.4-1.3 TiO2 2.31 Na2O 0.51
LOI 8.27 K2O 3.71
SO3 1.3-3.0
TiO2 1.27

Fig.5 Nano silica Fig.6 Raw SCBA 15

Fig.4 OPC
 Materials (Cont…)
iv) Copper slag (CS) Table.4 Chemical composition of Copper
slag
• It is using as partial replacement of fine aggregate
Constituents Natural Copper
sand(%) slag(%)
• High density material - increases the self weight- increases the SiO2 80.78 33.05
strength and toughness against the various kinds of loads Al2O3 10.52 2.79
Fe2O3 1.75 53.45
• It is also used for corrosion resistance and increased bond CaO 3.21 6.06
properties MgO 0.77 1.56
Na2O 1.37 0.28
vii) Hollow mild steel tube:- thickness-1.5 -3mm K2 O 1.23 0.61
Table.5 Chemical and physical properties of Mild Steel

Fig.7 Copper Slag 16

 TESTS AND PROCEDURES TO BE CARRIED OUT

Physical Property test for Cement

Physical Property test for
 Specific Gravity Microstructural properties
Aggregates
 Fineness
 Consistency  SEM
 Specific gravity
 Setting time  XRD
 Fineness modulus
 Strength
 Water absorption  MIP
 Soundness
 Bulk Density
 Heat of hydration  FTIR
 Chemical Composition

Durability properties
Mechanical properties CE-CFST Column
Water absorption
Compressive strength  Axial loading- short column
Sorptivity
Flexural strength &long column
RCPT
Modulus of elasticity  Bond slip test
Carbonation depth
Shrinkage  Corrosion tests
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 MIX DESIGN
• The mix design will done as per “ IS 10262-2009 ”
Mix Ratio Proportion
guide lines.
8%
20%

• The grade of concrete for column is chosen as M25.

48% 24%

Cement
Fine Aggregate
Coarse Ag-
gregate
Water
Table.5: Mix proportion for M25 Grade
Fig.8 Concrete Volumetric Mix Proportion
Material Fine Coarse
Cement Water
s Aggregate Aggregate

Quantity
492.5 630 1170 197
(kg/m3)

Mix ratio 1 1.2 2.4 0.40

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 WORK SCHEDULE
PROPOSED DURATION (IN MONTHS)
PROPOSED ACTIVITIES 2022 2023 2024 2025
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
Literature Survey                

Course Work 1 & 2                                                              

Course Work 3,4 & 5                                                                

Material collection and Mix design                                                                

Analysing through Optimiation

techniques                                                                    

Casting ,curing and testing of Hybrid

Nano concrete                                                            

Development of Concrete Encased

CFST Column                                                          

Study on Corrosive and bond behaviour                                                                    

Validation through Numerical and

Analytical method                                                                  

Cost analysis                                                                    

Thesis Writing                                                            
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 REFERENCES
[1] Han L, Li W, Bjorhovde R. Developments and advanced applications of concrete- filled steel tubular ( CFST ) structures : Members
Concrete Cracks. J Constr Steel Res Dev [Internet]. 2014;100:211–228. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.04.016.

[2] Xu Z, Zhou Z, Du P, et al. Effects of nano-silica on hydration properties of tricalcium silicate. Constr Build Mater [Internet].
2016;125:1169–1177. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.09.003.

[3] Zareei SA, Ameri F, Bahrami N. Microstructure, strength, and durability of eco-friendly concretes containing sugarcane bagasse ash.
Constr Build Mater [Internet]. 2018;184:258–268. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.06.153.

[4] An YF, Han LH, Roeder C. Performance of concrete-encased CFST box stub columns under axial compression. Structures [Internet].
2015;3:211–226. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2015.05.001.

[5] Alhawat M, Ashour A. Bond strength between corroded steel and recycled aggregate concrete incorporating nano silica. Constr Build
Mater [Internet]. 2020;237:117441. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117441.

[6] Sandra N, Kawaai K, Ujike I. Influence of copper slag on corrosion behavior of horizontal steel bars in reinforced concrete column
specimen due to Chloride-induced corrosion. Constr Build Mater [Internet]. 2020;255:119265. Available from:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119265. 20
[7] Pavan Kumar D, Amit S, Sri Rama Chand M. Influence of various nano-size materials on fresh and hardened state of fast setting high
early strength concrete [FSHESC]: A state-of-the-art review. Constr Build Mater [Internet]. 2021;277:122299. Available from:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122299.

[8] Huang H, Guo L, Qu B, et al. Tests of circular concrete-filled steel tubular stub columns with artificial notches representing local
corrosions. Eng Struct [Internet]. 2021;242:112598. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112598.

[9] He F, Li C, Chen B, et al. Compressive behavior of concrete-encased CFST column with initial stress. J Constr Steel Res [Internet].
2023;201:107724. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2022.107724.

[10] Li Y, Chai J, Wang R, et al. Utilization of sugarcane bagasse ash ( SCBA ) in construction technology : A state-of-the-art review. J
Build Eng [Internet]. 2022;56:104774. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104774.

[11] IS:10262 - 2009. Guidelines for concrete mix design proportioning. Bur Indian Stand New Delhi. 2009;1–14.

[12] Bureau of Indian Standards. IS-456-2000-Plain-Reinf-Concrete.pdf. 2000.

[13] IS:383. Specification for Coarse and Fine Aggregates From Natural Sources for Concrete. Indian Stand. 1970;1–24.

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THANK YOU

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