ME 3301: Fluid Mechanics I

(Week 3: Part 1)

Kamran Nazir
Department of Mechanical Engineering
National University of Technology

Spring 2021
Chapter 3: Pressure and Fluid Statics
Pressure at a Point
Variation of Pressure with Depth
Manometer and other Pressure Measuring Devices
Fluid Statics
Hydrostatic Forces on Submerged Plane Surfaces
Hydrostatic Forces on Submerged Curved Surfaces
Stability of Immersed and Floating Bodies
Fluids in Rigid-Body Motion
• Pressure applied to a confined fluid
increases the pressure throughout by the
same amount.
• In picture, pistons are at same height:

• Ratio A2/A1 is called ideal mechanical

advantage
Scuba Diving and Hydrostatic Pressure
• Pressure on diver at 100 ft?
8

1
Boyle’s law

100 ft

• Danger of emergency ascent?

• If you hold your breath on ascent, your lung volume would increase 2
by a factor of 4, which would result in embolism and/or death.
The Manometer

• An elevation change of Dz in a fluid at rest corresponds to DP/rg.

• A device based on this is called a manometer.
• A manometer consists of a U-tube containing one or more fluids such as mercury, water,
alcohol, or oil.
• Heavy fluids such as mercury are used if large pressure differences are anticipated.
Measuring Pressure Drops

• Manometers are well suited to measure

pressure drops across valves, pipes, heat
exchangers, etc.
• Relation for pressure drop P1-P2 is
obtained by starting at point 1 and adding
or subtracting rgh terms until we reach
point 2.
• If fluid in pipe is a gas, r2>>r1 and P1-P2=
rgh
Other Pressure Measurement Devices
• Bourdon Tube
• Pressure Transducers
• Piezoelectric transducers