Empowerment

objective - for
Staying laypeople to have
Healthy and an understanding
Contented – of FIRST AID and
First Aid and BASIC MEDICAL
Basic Medical CARE as parts of a
Care Patient
Empowerment
Program.
 Empowerment I have a Patient
objective - for Empowerment
Program in which I
Staying laypeople to have
like to empower the
Healthy and an understanding lay people or
Contented – of FIRST AID and patients to take
First Aid and BASIC MEDICAL control in the
Basic Medical CARE as parts of a management of
Care Patient their health.
Empowerment
Program.
 What I have in mind
Empowerment in my PEP TALK
objective - for which may run for 3
Staying laypeople to have years is to empower
Healthy and an understanding at least 30 persons,
with my family
Contented – of FIRST AID and
members and my
First Aid and BASIC MEDICAL patients as a
Basic Medical CARE as parts of a priority. This is my
Care Patient key performance
Empowerment indicator.
Program. I hope you will be in
my group of 30.
 I launched this PEP
Empowerment TALK on May 15,
2021 with MODULE
objective - for on COVID19.
Staying laypeople to have
Healthy and an understanding 2nd Module
Contented – of FIRST AID and PATIENT
EMPOWERMENT
First Aid and BASIC MEDICAL
Basic Medical CARE as parts of a 3rd Module
Care Patient PATIENT
Empowerment MANAGEMENT
PROCESS
Program.
 4th Module
Empowerment RIGHTS IN PATIENT
EMPOWERMENT
objective - for
Staying laypeople to have 5th Module
an understanding STAYING HEALTHY
Healthy and
AND CONTENTED
Contented – of FIRST AID and
First Aid and BASIC MEDICAL
Basic Medical CARE as parts of a
Care Patient
Empowerment
Program.
 5th Module
STAYING HEALTHY
Empowerment
AND CONTENTED
objective - for 5 Parts
Staying laypeople to have • Introduction and
Intentional Living
Healthy and an understanding Plan
Contented – of FIRST AID and • Healthy Lifestyle Plan
BASIC MEDICAL • Screening and
First Aid and
Periodic Health
Basic Medical CARE as parts of a Check
Care Patient • Early Diagnosis and
Early Treatment
Empowerment • First Aid and Basic
Program. Medical Care
 My PEP TALK today
Empowerment is entitled:
objective - for
FIRST AID and BASIC
Staying laypeople to have MEDICAL CARE
Healthy and an understanding
Contented – of FIRST AID and
First Aid and BASIC MEDICAL
Basic Medical CARE as parts of a
Care Patient
Empowerment
Program.
Staying One tactic to stay healthy or alive and not crippled
Healthy and as long as possible is to know how to do first aid
Contented – and basic medical care for common medical
First Aid and emergencies. 
Basic Medical
Care
Staying Common medical emergencies if not properly and
Healthy and timely treated with first aid and basic medical care
Contented – may lead to disability and even death. 
First Aid and
Basic Medical
Care
Staying So, a person who aims to stay healthy or alive and
Healthy and not crippled as long as possible must know how to
Contented – do first aid and basic medical care for common
First Aid and medical emergencies, especially those which are
life-and-limb threatening. 
Basic Medical
Care
Staying First Aid is the first and immediate emergency care
Healthy and provided for injury or illness with the following
criteria:
Contented – •immediately after it occurs
First Aid and •at the location where it occurred
Basic Medical •often consists of one-time short-term treatment
Care •requires little technology or training to administer
Staying The 3 P’s of First Aid consist of the
Healthy and following:
Contented – •Preserve life
First Aid and •Prevent further injury
Basic Medical •Promote recovery
Care
Staying Basic medical care means care essential to
Healthy and maintain the health and safety needs of a
Contented – person with goals to preserve life, prevent a
First Aid and health condition from worsening and to
Basic Medical promote recovery.
Care
Staying First Aid and Basic Medical Care can be
Healthy and used synonymously.
Contented –
First Aid and First Aid is a more popular laypeople’s term
Basic Medical than Basic Medical Care.
Care
Basic Medical Care is more encompassing
than First Aid.
Staying What will be included in this PEP TALK are even
Healthy and those common medical emergencies which cannot
be managed by the person himself because of loss
Contented –
of consciousness. 
First Aid and
Basic Medical Examples are cardiopulmonary arrest and fainting. 
Care
Having knowledge of the first-aid and basic medical
care of the common medical emergencies in which
a person will not be able to manage himself
because of unconsciousness may still be helpful in
staying alive and not crippled. 
Staying He may and should be empowered to teach other
Healthy and people on what to do during medical emergencies. 
Contented –
Teaching other people, especially those who are
First Aid and always around him, may save his life and limb
Basic Medical when the people he has taught applied their know
Care how on him when the need arises. 

Or, before he completely becomes unconscious, he

may coach them on what to do to save his life and
limb.
Staying Also, what will be included in this PEP TALK are
Healthy and what I think are the more common ones based on
my experience. 
Contented –
First Aid and I may not be able to include all possible medical
Basic Medical emergencies in the world. 
Care
Rest assured that I will refine my PEP TALK in terms
of addition and even subtraction as I go along with
my Patient Empowerment Program.
Staying Below are the medical emergencies that
Healthy and will be expounded in this PEP TALK:
Contented –
First Aid and •Cardiopulmonary Arrest
Basic Medical •Airway Patency Promotion
Care •Management of Choking
I will just present the
•Fainting essential elements in each
•Splinting of Fractures medical emergency.
•Bleeding in Body Surface Wounds
For details, pls. look-up
the Internet – there are a
lot of write-ups and videos
on these.
Staying Cardiopulmonary Arrest
Healthy and What and Recognition (Diagnosis)
Contented –
First Aid and Cardiopulmonary arrest is cessation of heart beat
Basic Medical (cardio) and respiration (pulmonary).
Care
Recognition:
• Loss of consciousness
• Absence of breathing effort
• Absence of pulse
Staying Cardiopulmonary Arrest
Healthy and Diagnosis as to Cause
Contented –
First Aid and Many possible causes (primarily heart and lung
Basic Medical diseases and secondary affection of the heart and
lung)
Care
• Cause not evident at time of arrest
• Cause evident or assumed in those with known
medical disease prior to arrest
Staying Cardiopulmonary Arrest
Healthy and First Aid and Basic Medical Care
Contented –
First Aid and CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
Basic Medical (Do this only when there is NO advance directive
on NO CPR.)
Care
Patients who are terminally-ill may have an
advance health care directive on NO MORE CPR
when they develop CP ARREST.
Staying Cardiopulmonary Arrest
Healthy and First Aid and Basic Medical Care
Contented –
First Aid and CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
Basic Medical The emergency lifesaving actions include:
Care • clearing the upper airway
• repeated chest compressions
• repeated mouth-to-mouth breathing

(Note: there is a version of CPR that does not

require mouth-to-mouth resuscitation anymore.)
Staying Cardiopulmonary Arrest Recognition of
Healthy and cardiopulmonary
First Aid and Basic Medical Care
arrest
Contented –
First Aid and CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
Ask someone to
Basic Medical The emergency lifesaving actions include: call 911; 143;
Care • clearing the upper airway 117; or hotlines
• repeated chest compressions of nearby hospital
• repeated mouth-to-mouth breathing with ambulance

(Note: there is a version of CPR that does not Institute CPR

require mouth-to-mouth resuscitation anymore.)
Staying Cardiopulmonary Arrest Recognition of
Healthy and cardiopulmonary
First Aid and Basic Medical Care
arrest
Contented – CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
First Aid and Ask someone to
Clear the upper airway
Basic Medical call 911; 143;
to ensure patency
Care 117; or hotlines
of nearby hospital
with ambulance

Institute CPR
Staying Cardiopulmonary Arrest
Healthy and First Aid and Basic Medical Care
Contented – CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
First Aid and CHEST COMPRESSION
Basic Medical HANDS-ONLY CPR
Care

Push down hard by

Push down hard and about 2 inches.
fast in the center of the
chest at a rate of 100 to Let the chest come back
up to its normal position
120 pushes a minute. after each push.
Staying Cardiopulmonary Arrest Recognition of
Healthy and cardiopulmonary
First Aid and Basic Medical Care
arrest
Contented – CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
First Aid and MOUTH-TO- Ask someone to
Basic Medical MOUTH call 911; 143;
Care BREATHING 117; or hotlines
of nearby hospital
In Conventional CPR
with ambulance
30:2 (30 chest
compressions: 2
rescue breaths) Institute CPR

[not done in hands-

only CPR]
Staying Cardiopulmonary Arrest Recognition of
Healthy and cardiopulmonary
First Aid and Basic Medical Care
arrest
Contented –
First Aid and CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
Ask someone to
Basic Medical The emergency lifesaving actions are done call 911; 143;
Care until the person in cardiopulmonary arrest 117; or hotlines
has been revived and has started breathing of nearby hospital
with ambulance
on his own or are called-off because of a
judgment of non-reversal already. Institute CPR
Staying Airway Patency Promotion
Healthy and
Airway patency promotion refers to ensuring that
Contented – the upper airway is not obstructed.
First Aid and
Basic Medical The upper airway extends from the mouth to the
Care trachea. It has an important role in transporting air
to the lungs.

Every person needs air to breath and oxygen to

survive.

Obstructed upper airway can cause death.

Staying Airway Patency Promotion
Healthy and
Contented – In all cases of medical emergency where
First Aid and first aid is needed, ensuring airway patency
Basic Medical is the top priority.
Care
The “A” in all the popular emergency
algorithms like ABC and ABCDE stands for
Airway.
Promoting airway patency is done first
before the “B” or Breathing and “C” or
Circulation.
Staying Airway Patency Promotion
Healthy and First Aid and Basic Medical Care
Contented –
First Aid and • Check first whether the patient is breathing
Basic Medical naturally or not.
Care • If not, check the face, mouth and neck for
anything that will make one suspects something
is mechanically obstructing the upper airway.
• If yes, try to remedy the obstruction such as by
releasing something that strangles the neck and
removing or clearing objects in the mouth that
is impeding air flow into the lungs.
Staying Airway Patency Promotion
Healthy and First Aid and Basic Medical Care
Contented –
First Aid and • If there is no object that is mechanically
Basic Medical obstructing the upper airway, especially in
unconscious patients, to prevent the relaxed
Care
tongue from falling back to obstruct airway, one
can do the head-tilt / chin-lift maneuver or the
jaw thrust maneuver.
Staying Airway Patency Promotion
Healthy and While one hand
Contented – applies downward
First Aid and pressure to the
Basic Medical patient's forehead,
Care the tips of the index
and middle fingers of
the second hand lift
the mandible at the
chin, which lifts the
tongue from the
Head-tilt/Chin-lift posterior pharynx (or
Maneuver throat).
Staying Airway Patency Promotion
Healthy and
Contented – Hands are placed
First Aid and on each side of
Basic Medical the face with
Care fingertips at the
angle of the jaw
(mandible) and
then gently lifting
the jaw to open
Jaw-thrust Maneuver
the airway.
Staying Airway Patency Promotion
Healthy and A jaw thrust
Contented –
First Aid and and NOT the
Basic Medical head-tilt / chin-
Care lift,

is done in
patients with
possible spinal
cord injury on
the neck.
Staying Management of Choking
Healthy and
What is choking?
Contented –
First Aid and Choking occurs when a foreign object lodges in the
Basic Medical throat or windpipe, blocking the flow of air.
Care
In adults, a piece of food often is the culprit. Young
children often swallow small objects.

Because choking cuts off oxygen to the brain, give

first aid as quickly as possible.
Staying Management of Choking
Healthy and Recognition and Diagnosis
Contented –
First Aid and The universal sign for choking is hands clutched to
Basic Medical the throat.
Care
Other early signs:
•Inability to talk
•Difficulty breathing or noisy breathing
•Squeaky sounds when trying to breathe
•Cough, which may either be weak or forceful
Staying Management of Choking
Healthy and First Aid and Basic Medical Care
Contented –
First Aid and If the person is able to cough forcefully, the person
Basic Medical should keep coughing.
Care
If he cannot, the following can be tried:
•Abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver)
•Back blows
Staying Management of Choking
Healthy and First Aid and Basic Medical Care
Contented – To perform abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver)
First Aid and on someone else:
Basic Medical •Stand behind the person.  Wrap your arms around
Care the waist. Tip the person forward slightly.
•Make a fist with one hand. Position it slightly
above the person’s navel.
•Grasp the fist with the other hand. Press hard into
the abdomen with a quick, upward thrust — as if
trying to lift the person up. Abdominal Thrusts
•Perform abdominal thrusts until the blockage is (Heimlich Maneuver)
dislodged.
 Abdominal Thrusts
Staying Management of Choking (Heimlich Maneuver)
Healthy and First Aid and Basic Medical Care
Contented – To perform abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver)
First Aid and on yourself:
Basic Medical •Place a fist slightly above your navel.
Care •Grasp your fist with the other hand.
•Shove your fist inward and upward.
OR
Stand against a countertop, desk, or sturdy chair. 
Press your upper belly firmly against its upper
edge, grasping its sides with both hands. Thrust
yourself forward vigorously, bending slightly at the
waist. Repeat as needed.
Staying Management of Choking
Healthy and First Aid and Basic Medical Care
Contented –
First Aid and Stand to the side and just behind a choking adult.
Basic Medical For a child, kneel down behind.
Care Place one arm across the person’s chest for
support. Back Blows
Bend the person over at the waist so that the
upper body is parallel with the ground.

Deliver separate back blows between the person’s

shoulder blades with the heel of your hand until
the blockage is dislodged.
Staying Fainting
Healthy and
What is fainting?
Contented –
First Aid and Fainting happens when you lose consciousness for
Basic Medical a short amount of time because your brain isn’t
Care getting enough oxygen.

The medical term for fainting is syncope, but it’s

more commonly known as “passing out.”

A fainting spell generally lasts from a few seconds

to a few minutes.
Staying Fainting
Healthy and
Recognition and Diagnosis
Contented –
First Aid and Sudden loss of consciousness for few seconds or
Basic Medical minutes followed by a full return to full
Care consciousness and functionality.

Most have no serious health consequences – being

caused by transient factors such as emotional
shock, sight of blood, lack of food, dehydration,
exhaustion, standing up suddenly, etc.
Staying Fainting
Healthy and
First Aid and Basic Medical Care
Contented –
First Aid and If you feel faint
Basic Medical
Care • Lie down or sit down. To reduce the chance of
fainting again, don’t get up too quickly.

• Place your head between your knees if you sit

down.
Staying Fainting
Healthy and
First Aid and Basic Medical Care
Contented –
First Aid and If someone else faints
Basic Medical • Position the person on his or her back. If there
Care are no injuries and the person is breathing, raise
the person’s legs above heart level — about 12
inches (one foot).
• Loosen belts, collars or other constrictive
clothing.
Staying Fainting
Healthy and
First Aid and Basic Medical Care
Contented –
First Aid and If someone else faints
Basic Medical • To reduce the chance of fainting again, don’t get
Care the person up too quickly.
• If the person doesn’t regain consciousness
within one minute, there may be a more serious
underlying cause and manage accordingly.
Staying Fainting
Healthy and
First Aid and Basic Medical Care
Contented –
First Aid and If someone else faints
Basic Medical • Check for breathing. If the person isn’t
Care breathing, begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
• If the person was injured in a fall associated
with a faint, treat bumps, bruises or cuts
appropriately. Control bleeding with direct
pressure.
Staying Splinting of Fractures
Healthy and
Contented – What are fractures?
First Aid and
Basic Medical Fractures are broken bones.
Care
Any bone in the body can be fractured
either by trauma or by disease.
Staying Splinting of Fractures
Healthy and Recognition and Diagnosis of fractures
Contented –
First Aid and The symptoms and signs of a fracture vary
Basic Medical according to which bone is affected as well as the
Care type or severity of the fracture.
Staying Splinting of Fractures
Healthy and Recognition and Diagnosis of fractures
Contented –
First Aid and Obvious or overt signs are angulation of the bony
Basic Medical area and protrusion of broken bones through the
Care skin.

Covert or inconspicuous symptoms and signs are

extreme pain and tenderness with the patient
being not able to move the affected part.
Staying Splinting of Fractures
Healthy and First Aid and Basic Medical Care
Contented –
First Aid and The most important thing to remember is never to
Basic Medical move a patient with a suspected fracture. This may
Care cause severe pain and may worsen the injury.
Staying Splinting of Fractures
Healthy and First Aid and Basic Medical Care
Contented –
First Aid and Assess the patient rapidly for type and severity of
Basic Medical fracture. Also, check for the inability to move the
Care injured area or any sign of bleeding.

When there is bleeding, apply pressure on the

wound to prevent excessive blood loss.
Staying Splinting of Fractures
Healthy and First Aid and Basic Medical Care
Contented –
First Aid and Immobilize the affected part with splints.
Basic Medical
Care Apply cold compress on the affected part.

Wait for professional help to arrive.

Staying Splinting of Fractures
Healthy and SPLINTING OF FRACTURES
Contented –
First Aid and Splinting is immobilization with any device – sturdy
Basic Medical objects like woods and sand bags.
Care
Check distal pulse and skin color before and after
splinting of fractures in the extremities.
Staying Splinting of Fractures
Healthy and SPLINTING OF FRACTURES
Contented –
First Aid and For fractures in the neck (spine), immobilize the
Basic Medical neck with the use of sand bags or hard pillows.
Care
Staying Splinting of Fractures
Healthy and SPLINTING OF FRACTURES
Contented –
First Aid and For fractures in the extremities, incorporate joint
Basic Medical above and below the fractures in the splint.
Care
Staying Splinting of Fractures
Healthy and SPLINTING OF FRACTURES
Contented –
First Aid and For fractures in the forearm and
Basic Medical hand, an arm sling with a
Care triangular bandage can be used.
Staying Bleeding in Body Surface Wounds
Healthy and What and Recognition of Body Surface
Contented – Wounds
First Aid and
Basic Medical Body surface wounds are any breaks or
Care disruptions on the skin up to the fatty and
muscle layers and not including bones and
internal organs.

Body surface wounds can occur from head

to toe.
Staying Bleeding in Body Surface Wounds
Healthy and Diagnosis of Body Surface Wounds
Contented –
First Aid and Trauma is the cause of the wounds.
Basic Medical
Care

There are different types of wounds

depending on the cause and severity of the
force or trauma.
Staying Bleeding in Body Surface Wounds
Healthy and Diagnosis of Body Surface Wounds
Contented –
First Aid and May be mild, moderate or severe wounds.
Basic Medical
Care • Mild – small area, very superficial
• Severe – large and deep
• Moderate – in between mild and severe
Staying Bleeding in Body Surface Wounds
Healthy and First Aid and Basic Medical Care
Contented –
First Aid and At the first sight of a wound, check for
Basic Medical bleeding and rate of bleeding.
Care
If profuse, apply direct pressure right away.

If not, wash it right away with water (and

soap) and keep it clean with a bandage.
Staying Bleeding in Body Surface Wounds
Healthy and First Aid and Basic Medical Care
Contented –
First Aid and • Determine whether there is a need to
Basic Medical seek medical professional help – need
Care for suturing; need for anti-tetanus
injection; etc.
• Determine whether there is a need for
medications.
Staying So, there you are. I have presented the
Healthy and following 6 medical emergencies in this PEP
Contented – TALK:
First Aid and
Basic Medical •Cardiopulmonary Arrest
Care •Airway Patency Promotion
I just presented the
•Management of Choking essential elements in each
•Fainting medical emergency.
•Splinting of Fractures
For details, pls. look-up
•Bleeding in Body Surface Wounds the Internet – there are a
lot of write-ups and videos
on these.
Staying Know how to do first aid and basic medical
Healthy and care for these 6 common medical
Contented – emergencies as a tactic for you to stay
First Aid and healthy or alive and not crippled as long as
Basic Medical possible.
Care
Take away in this
Know how to do first aid and basic medical
PEP TALK as they
care for these 6 common medical relate to Patient
emergencies to make you become more Empowerment.
patient empowered.
Staying • Maximize your knowledge (KAALAMAN)
Healthy and • Maximize your capability (KAKAYANAN)
Contented – • Lastly, maximize your self-determination
First Aid and (KAPANGYARIHAN) in mastering and
Basic Medical learning more medical emergencies
Care
Take away in this
as these will redound to gaining greater
PEP TALK as they
control over decisions and actions affecting relate to Patient
your health - ULTIMATE GOAL OF PATIENT Empowerment.
EMPOWERMENT.
 Empowerment
objective - for
Staying laypeople to have
Healthy and an understanding
Contented – of FIRST AID and
First Aid and BASIC MEDICAL
Basic Medical CARE as parts of a
Care Patient
Empowerment
Program.